Abstract Lesbians often begin romantic relationships with high hopes that their relationships will be satisfying and long-lasting. Why do some women maintain committed and stable relationships while others do not? This article considers factors that affect commitment and stability among lesbian couples. We begin by reviewing previous empirical research on the topic. Next, we test a leading model of commitment using survey data from 301 lesbian couples who participated in the American Couples Study (Blumstein & Schwartz, 1983). According to Caryl Rusbult's model (1983), an individual's commitment to a relationship is affected by three general factors: satisfaction, the quality of alternatives to the current relationship, and investments made in the relationship. In turn, a woman's degree of commitment influences relationship stability. Path analysis provided strong support for Rusbult's model. Nonetheless, this model did not fully explain the sources of commitment and stability in lesbian relationships. Consequently, we consider unique aspects of the social environment that may affect commitment and stability in lesbian relationships.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J155v06n01_06 | DOI Listing |
Acc Chem Res
January 2025
State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
ConspectusRare earth (RE) elements, due to their unique electronic structures, exhibit excellent optical, electrical, and magnetic properties and thus have found widespread applications in the fields of electronics, optics, and biomedicine. A significant advancement in the use of RE elements is the formation of RE complexes. RE complexes, created by the coordination of RE ions with organic ligands, not only offer high molecular design flexibility but also incorporate features such as a broad absorption band and efficient energy transfer of organic ligands.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCancer Commun (Lond)
December 2024
Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, The State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University, Research Unit of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China.
The 2024 updates of the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO) Clinical Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer emphasize standardizing cancer treatment in China, highlighting the latest advancements in evidence-based medicine, healthcare resource access, and precision medicine in oncology. These updates address disparities in epidemiological trends, clinicopathological characteristics, tumor biology, treatment approaches, and drug selection for colorectal cancer patients across diverse regions and backgrounds. Key revisions include adjustments to evidence levels for intensive treatment strategies, updates to regimens for deficient mismatch repair (dMMR)/ microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) patients, proficient mismatch repair (pMMR)/ microsatellite stability (MSS) patients who have failed standard therapies, and rectal cancer patients with low recurrence risk.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Dozens of vaccines have been approved or authorized internationally in response to the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, covering a range of modalities and routes of delivery. For example, mucosal delivery of vaccines via the intranasal (i.n.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiomimetics (Basel)
December 2024
Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
The use of minimalist shoes can lead to enhanced foot somatosensory activation and postural stability but can also increase the incidence of overuse injuries during high-impact or prolonged activities. Therefore, it appears useful to explore new strategies that employ minimalist shoes to effectively facilitate the somatosensory activation of the foot while minimizing acute and cumulative joint stress and risk of injury. To this purpose, this study introduces a novel exercise paradigm: walking for three minutes in ultra-minimalist shoes on artificial flat surfaces designed to mimic highly rugged natural terrains.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Pers
December 2024
Department of Youth and Family, Utrecht University, Tilburg, The Netherlands.
Objective: During late adolescence, adolescents' educational identity may be especially salient as they need to make important decisions regarding their education around the transition from secondary school to tertiary education. The way adolescents shape their identity during this period may have important implications for their academic functioning and psychological well-being.
Method: In the present study, we used four half-yearly measurements of educational identity from 208 Dutch adolescents (M = 17.
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