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Dirac equation for photons in a fibre: Origin of polarisation.
Heliyon
April 2024
Center for Exploratory Research Laboratory, Research & Development Group, Hitachi, Ltd., 1-280 Higashi-Koigakubo, Kokubunji, 185-8601, Tokyo, Japan.
Spin is a fundamental degree of freedom, which was discovered by Dirac for an electron in his relativistic quantum mechanics, known as the Dirac equation. The origin of spin for a photon is unclear because Maxwell's equations in a vacuum are Lorentz invariant without introducing the concept of spin. Here, the propagation of coherent rays of photons in a graded-index optical fibre is considered to discuss the origin of polarisation for photons using exact solutions of the Laguerre-Gauss and Hermite-Gauss modes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe computation of electromagnetic wave scatterings of a layered sphere is a canonical problem. Lorentz-Mie theory is suitable for plane wave incidence whereas spherically layered media theory can deal with arbitrary incident waves. Both theories suffer from the notorious numerical instabilities due to the involved Bessel functions with large order, small argument or high loss.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEDL Induced Electro-magnetized Modified Hybrid Nano-blood Circulation in an Endoscopic Fatty Charged Arterial Indented Tract.
Cardiovasc Eng Technol
April 2024
Department of Mathematics, University of Gour Banga, Malda, 732 103, India.
Purpose: The electrokinetic process for streaming fluids in magnetic environments is emerging due to its immense applications in medical and biochemical industrial domains. In this context, our proposed model seeks to inquire into the hemodynamic characteristics of electro-magnetized blood blended with trihybrid nanoparticles circulation induced by electro-osmotic forces in an endoscopic charged arterial annular indented tract. This steaming model also invokes the consequences of variable Lorentz attractive force, buoyancy force, heat source, viscous and Joule warming, arterial wall properties, and sliding phenomena for featuring more realistic problems in blood flows.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOn the optimized energy transport rate of magnetized micropolar fluid via ternary hybrid ferro-nanosolids: A numerical report.
Heliyon
December 2023
Department of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
In the current era, a chemical, industrial, or production process may not be devoid of heat transfer processes through fluids. This is seen in evaporators, distillation units, dryers, reactors, refrigeration and air conditioning systems, and others. On the other hand, the micropolar model effectively simulates microstructured fluids like animal blood, polymeric suspensions, and crystal fluid, paving the way for new potential applications based mainly on complex fluids.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIncorporating the effect of white matter microstructure in the estimation of magnetic susceptibility in ex vivo mouse brain.
Magn Reson Med
February 2024
Center for Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
Purpose: To extend quantitative susceptibility mapping to account for microstructure of white matter (WM) and demonstrate its effect on ex vivo mouse brain at 16.4T.
Theory And Methods: Previous studies have shown that the MRI measured Larmor frequency also depends on local magnetic microstructure at the mesoscopic scale.
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