Disclosed herein is a general catalytic system for the intermolecular anti-Markovnikov hydroamination of alkenes. By using an organocatalytic photoredox system, α- and β-substituted styrenes as well as aliphatic alkenes undergo anti-Markovnikov hydroamination. Heterocyclic amines were also successfully employed as nitrogen nucleophiles, thus providing a direct route to heterocyclic motifs common in medicinal agents.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201402443 | DOI Listing |
Org Biomol Chem
December 2024
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, P. R. China.
Herein, we report a novel Al compound supported by a NacNac ligand that facilitates the anti-Markovnikov hydroamination of aromatic alkenes and primary amines. This represents the first instance of an aluminum-catalyzed intermolecular hydroamination of alkenes, successfully synthesizing a variety of aromatic imine derivatives. The proposed mechanism suggests that the coordination activation of BuOK by ether solvents is crucial, allowing the BuO anion to coordinate with the catalyst's Al center, thus forming a key intermediate.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOrg Lett
December 2024
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular & Process Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China.
Multisubstituted piperidines are prevalent units in pharmaceuticals. Herein, a photodriven anti-Markovnikov hydroaminative cyclization of a ()/()-isomeric mixture of trisubstituted alkenes using the lactate-derived -symmetric arylthiol catalyst was developed for the synthesis of -2,3-disubstituted piperidines and azepane in high diastereoselectivity and good yields. The origin of diastereoselectivity and the observed different hydroamination rate of alkene with different configurations were elucidated by the experimental and computational investigation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Am Chem Soc
November 2024
Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States.
Piperazine cores have long been identified as privileged scaffolds in the development of pharmaceutical compounds. Despite this, the facile synthesis of diverse C-substituted piperazines remains a challenge without prefunctionalized substrates/cores. Herein, we describe a programmable approach to highly diversifiable piperazine cores, which circumvents the typical need for radical precursors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAngew Chem Int Ed Engl
December 2024
Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
Porous materials-based heterogeneous photocatalysts, performing selective organic transformations, are increasing the applicability of photocatalytic reactions due to their ability to merge traditional photocatalysis with structured pores densely decorated with catalytic moiety for efficient mass and charge transfer, as well as added recyclability. We herein disclose a porous crystalline covalent triazine framework (CTF)-based heterogeneous photocatalyst that exhibits excellent photoredox properties for different hydrofunctionalization reactions such as hydrocarboxylations, hydroamination and hydroazidations. The high oxidizing property of this CTF enables the activation of styrenes, followed by regioselective C-N and C-O bond formation at ambient conditions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Am Chem Soc
July 2024
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.
Catalytic intermolecular olefin hydroamination is an enabling synthetic strategy that offers direct and atom-economical access to a variety of nitrogen-containing compounds from abundant feedstocks. However, despite numerous advances in catalyst design and reaction development, hydroamination of N-H azoles with unactivated olefins remains an unsolved problem in synthesis. We report a dual phosphine and photoredox catalytic protocol for the hydroamination of numerous structurally diverse and medicinally relevant N-H azoles with unactivated olefins.
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