AI Article Synopsis
- The study aimed to identify immune factors in neonates that influence the transmission of HIV-1 from mother to child, comparing infants who got infected to those who did not.
- Researchers analyzed cord blood samples for natural killer (NK) and T-cell populations using advanced techniques and found that infected infants had a unique NK cell profile and less activated immune cells.
- Results suggested that the differences in immune cell types and activation levels in the cord blood could affect the risk of HIV-1 transmission, highlighting the role of both innate and adaptive immunity in this process.
Article Abstract
Objective: To determine neonatal immunologic factors that correlate with mother-to-child-transmission of HIV-1.
Design: This case-control study compared cord blood natural killer (NK) and T-cell populations of HIV-1 exposed infants who subsequently acquired infection by 1 month (cases) to those who remained uninfected by 1 year of life (controls). Control specimens were selected by proportional match on maternal viral load.
Methods: Cryopreserved cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMCs) were thawed and stained for multiparameter flow cytometry to detect NK and T-cell subsets and activation status. CBMCs were also used in a viral suppression assay to evaluate NK cell inhibition of HIV-1 replication in autologous CD4 T cells.
Results: Cord blood from cases contained a skewed NK cell repertoire characterized by an increased proportion of CD16CD56 NK cells. In addition, cases displayed less-activated CD16CD56 NK cells and CD8 T cells, based on HLA-DRCD38 costaining. NK cell suppression of HIV-1 replication ex vivo correlated with the proportion of acutely activated CD68CD16CD56 NK cells. Finally, we detected a higher proportion of CD27CD45RA effector memory CD4 and CD8 T cells in cord blood from cases compared with controls.
Conclusion: When controlled for maternal viral load, cord blood from infants who acquired HIV-1 had a higher proportion of CD16CD56 NK cells, lower NK cell activation and higher levels of mature T cells (potential HIV-1 targets) than control infants who remained uninfected. Our data provide evidence that infant HIV-1 acquisition may be influenced by both innate and adaptive immune cell phenotypes and activation status.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4365995 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0000000000000263 | DOI Listing |
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