Objective: Based on the theories of brain reserve and cognitive reserve, we investigated whether larger maximal lifetime brain growth (MLBG) and/or greater lifetime intellectual enrichment protect against cognitive decline over time.
Methods: Forty patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) underwent baseline and 4.5-year follow-up evaluations of cognitive efficiency (Symbol Digit Modalities Test, Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task) and memory (Selective Reminding Test, Spatial Recall Test). Baseline and follow-up MRIs quantified disease progression: percentage brain volume change (cerebral atrophy), percentage change in T2 lesion volume. MLBG (brain reserve) was estimated with intracranial volume; intellectual enrichment (cognitive reserve) was estimated with vocabulary. We performed repeated-measures analyses of covariance to investigate whether larger MLBG and/or greater intellectual enrichment moderate/attenuate cognitive decline over time, controlling for disease progression.
Results: Patients with MS declined in cognitive efficiency and memory (p < 0.001). MLBG moderated decline in cognitive efficiency (p = 0.031, ηp (2) = 0.122), with larger MLBG protecting against decline. MLBG did not moderate memory decline (p = 0.234, ηp (2) = 0.039). Intellectual enrichment moderated decline in cognitive efficiency (p = 0.031, ηp (2) = 0.126) and memory (p = 0.037, ηp (2) = 0.115), with greater intellectual enrichment protecting against decline. MS disease progression was more negatively associated with change in cognitive efficiency and memory among patients with lower vs higher MLBG and intellectual enrichment.
Conclusion: We provide longitudinal support for theories of brain reserve and cognitive reserve in MS. Larger MLBG protects against decline in cognitive efficiency, and greater intellectual enrichment protects against decline in cognitive efficiency and memory. Consideration of these protective factors should improve prediction of future cognitive decline in patients with MS.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4035710 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000000433 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Effectiveness of positive allosteric modulators of metabotropic glutamate receptor 2/3 (mGluR2/3) in animal models of schizophrenia.
Transl Psychiatry
January 2025
Department of Basic Clinical Practice, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a deleterious brain disorder characterised by its heterogeneity and complex symptomatology consisting of positive, negative and cognitive deficits. Current antipsychotic drugs ameliorate the positive symptomatology, but are inefficient in treating the negative symptomatology and cognitive deficits. The neurodevelopmental glutamate hypothesis of SZ has opened new avenues in the development of drugs targeting the glutamatergic system.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFReducing deterrents to engage in plasmapheresis donation: evaluation of an experimental flyer.
Transfus Clin Biol
January 2025
Établissement Français du Sang, Bretagne, Rennes.
Objectives: This study aimed to measure the psychometrics qualities of an extended model of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) applied to plasma donation, and its relevance in the evaluation of interventions aiming at converting whole-blood donors (WBD) to plasma donation.
Methods: Two studies were conducted. The first (N= 433) compared the efficacy of two communication strategies (standard strategy centered on motivations to donate vs.
Assessing Functional Outcomes in the Pediatric Neurocritical Care Population after Discharge: A Pilot Study.
Hosp Pediatr
January 2025
Pediatric Critical Care, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford, Palo Alto, California.
Objectives: Pediatric neurocritical care (PNCC) patients experience high rates of morbidity, but comprehensive follow-up is not universal. We sought to identify predictors of functional decline in these children to guide future resource allocation.
Patients And Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study in a quaternary children's hospital pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) from July 2023 to December 2023.
Altered Intracerebellar Functional Connectivity in Friedreich's Ataxia: A Graph-Theory Functional MRI Study.
Cerebellum
January 2025
Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
Historically, Friedreich's Ataxia (FRDA) has been linked to a relatively preserved cerebellar cortex. Recent advances in neuroimaging have revealed altered cerebello-cerebral functional connectivity (FC), but the extent of intra-cerebellar FC changes and their impact on cognition remains unclear. This study investigates intra-cerebellar FC alterations and their cognitive implications in FRDA.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSleep stages classification based on feature extraction from music of brain.
Heliyon
January 2025
School of Music, College of Fine Arts, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Sleep stages classification one of the essential factors concerning sleep disorder diagnoses, which can contribute to many functional disease treatments or prevent the primary cognitive risks in daily activities. In this study, A novel method of mapping EEG signals to music is proposed to classify sleep stages. A total of 4.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!