Here we report a general method for the measurement of (13)C kinetic isotope effects at natural abundance for reactions that yield two or more products concurrently. We use, as an example, a recently reported Co-catalyzed reaction between cyclopentene and 1-phenyl-1-propyne. High-precision intermolecular (13)C isotope effects are reported for both the formal [2+2] cycloaddition (major) and Alder-ene (minor) reaction products. Mechanistic possibilities that are in accord with observed isotope effect measurements are discussed.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja412827c | DOI Listing |
Isotopes Environ Health Stud
January 2025
Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
Invasive silver carp () threaten Mississippi River basin ecosystems due to their ability to outcompete native species. Stable carbon (δC) and nitrogen (δN) isotope analysis has been used to study how silver carp impact native ecosystems, but lipids in fish tissues commonly bias their δC values. Chemical lipid extraction and mathematical equations that normalise δC values for lipid content can account for this bias, but have not been assessed for silver carp.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
January 2025
Faculty of Computer and Information, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt.
Ra, Th, and K levels in various foods frequently consumed by Egyptians were determined using a gamma-ray spectrometer based on the germanium detector (HPGe). Activity concentrations of Ra, Th, and K were in the range of < 0.10 to 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Phys Chem B
January 2025
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 East University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States.
Natural enzymes are powerful catalysts, reducing the apparent activation energy for reactions and enabling chemistry to proceed as much as 10 times faster than the corresponding solution reaction. It has been suggested for some time that, in some cases, quantum tunneling can contribute to this rate enhancement by offering pathways through a barrier inaccessible to activated events. A central question of interest to both physical chemists and biochemists is the extent to which evolution introduces mechanisms below the barrier, or tunneling mechanisms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurogastroenterol Motil
January 2025
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
Background: The carbon-13 spirulina gastric emptying breath test (GEBT) is approved to identify delayed, but not accelerated, gastric emptying (GE). We compared the utility of the GEBT to scintigraphy for diagnosing abnormal GE in patients with diabetes mellitus.
Methods: Twenty-eight patients with diabetes ate a 230-kcal test meal labeled with technetium 99 m and C-spirulina, after which 10 scintigraphic images and breath samples (baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, and 240 min) were collected on 2 occasions 1 week apart.
Dalton Trans
January 2025
Laboratory of Catalysis, Polymerization, Processes and Materials (CP2 M UMR 5128), CNRS, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE-Lyon, Institut de Chimie de Lyon, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69616 Villeurbanne, France.
Metal-catalyzed hydrogen isotope exchange (HIE) has become a valuable method for incorporating deuterium and tritium into organic molecules, with applications in a wide range of scientific fields. This study explores the role of transition metal cooperativity in enhancing catalytic hydrogen/deuterium (H/D) exchange using early-late heterobimetallic polyhydride (ELHB) complexes. A series of four ELHB complexes, of general formula [M(CHBu)(H)M'Cp*], combining early transition metals (M = Hf, Ta) with late metals (M' = Ir, Os), were synthesized and evaluated for their catalytic activity in HIE of (hetero)arenes.
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