The objectives of the present study were to (1) examine the effects of the phenotypic factors age, gender and BMI on the lipidomic profile and (2) investigate the relationship between the lipidome, inflammatory markers and insulin resistance. Specific ceramide, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine lipids were increased in females relative to males and specific lysophosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine lipids decreased as BMI increased. However, age had a minimal effect on the lipid profile with significant differences found in only two lipid species. Network analysis revealed strong negative correlations between the inflammatory markers CRP, TNF-α, resistin and MCP-1 and lipids in the LPC, PC and PE classes, whereas IL-8 formed positive correlations with lipids from the CER and SM classes. Further analysis revealed that LPC a C18:1 and PE ae C40:6 were highly associated with insulin resistance as indicated by HOMA-IR score. The present study identified lipids that are affected by BMI and gender and identified a series of lipids which had significant relationships with inflammatory markers. LPC a C18:1 and PE ae C40:6 were found to be highly associated with insulin resistance pointing to the possibility that the alterations in these specific lipids may play a role in the development of insulin resistance.
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