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Foxing of Watercolor Paper and Environmental Control as Preventive Actions.
Chempluschem
December 2024
Nanyang Technological University, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, SINGAPORE.
In Singapore's hot and humid climate, watercolor papers are particularly prone to a paper oxidation issue known as foxing, which refers to the discoloration forming yellowish-brown stains on paper, changing the visual outcome of the watercolor artworks. This research investigates two most popular types of watercolor paper, made from 100% cotton and cotton-wood-pulp mixture. Foxing was generally categorized into two types: biotic and abiotic foxing caused by fungi activities and the presence of metallic contaminants catalytic fungi growth.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDiscrete Synaptic Events Induce Global Oscillations in Balanced Neural Networks.
Phys Rev Lett
December 2024
Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Modélisation, CY Cergy Paris Université, CNRS, UMR 8089, 95302 Cergy-Pontoise cedex, France.
Despite the fact that neural dynamics is triggered by discrete synaptic events, the neural response is usually obtained within the diffusion approximation representing the synaptic inputs as Gaussian noise. We derive a mean-field formalism encompassing synaptic shot noise for sparse balanced neural networks. For low (high) excitatory drive (inhibitory feedback) global oscillations emerge via continuous or hysteretic transitions, correctly predicted by our approach, but not from the diffusion approximation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEthanol self-administration targets GluA2-containing AMPA receptor expression and synaptic activity in the nucleus accumbens in a manner that drives the positive reinforcing properties of the drug.
Psychopharmacology (Berl)
December 2024
Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
Rationale: The positive reinforcing effects of alcohol (ethanol) drive repetitive use and contribute to alcohol use disorder (AUD). Ethanol alters the expression of glutamate AMPA receptor (AMPAR) subunits in reward-related brain regions, but the extent to which this effect regulates ethanol's reinforcing properties is unclear.
Objective: This study investigates whether ethanol self-administration changes AMPAR subunit expression and synaptic activity in the nucleus accumbens core (AcbC) to regulate ethanol's reinforcing effects in male C57BL/6 J mice.
Ion Hydration Enables Generality in Asymmetric Catalysis: Desymmetrization to P-Stereogenic Triarylphosphine Derivatives.
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl
December 2024
National University of Singapore Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, SINGAPORE.
Asymmetric synthesis relies on seamless transmission of stereochemical information from a chiral reagent/catalyst to a prochiral substrate. The disruption by substrates' structural changes presents a hurdle in innovating generality-oriented asymmetric catalysis. Here, we report a strategy for substrate adaptability by exploiting a fundamental physicochemical phenomenon-ion hydration, in developing remote desymmetrization to access P-stereogenic triarylphosphine oxides and sulfides.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOligoadenine Strand Functionalized Polyacrylamide Hydrogel Film Exhibiting pH-Triggered High-Degree Inverse Shape Deformations.
Chembiochem
December 2024
Nankai University, Analytical Sciences, No. 94, Weijin Road, 300071, Tianjin, CHINA.
Smart shape-memory DNA hydrogels, which can respond to various types of external stimuli and undergo macroscopic shape deformations, have shown great potential in various applications. By constructing free-standing films, the deformation and response properties of these hydrogels can be further enhanced, and visualized deformation can be achieved. However, DNA hydrogels that can exhibit rapid and high-degree shape deformations, such as the inverse shape deformations, are still lacking.
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