This article discusses technical issues related to compliance assessment of ICNIRP 2010 basic restrictions. Several difficulties are identified in this study when assessing the spatial average and 99th percentile value of the electric field. These issues are mainly attributed to the lack of clarity in the guideline specifications, which leads to inadequate or irreproducible results. Effects on compliance results due to such ambiguous procedures are hereby investigated, with particular focus on technical issues rather than biological ones. Examples spanning from simple canonical test cases to realistic applications have been selected to highlight the strong variability in dosimetry results. Based on our findings, revisiting the ICNIRP 2010 guidelines is strongly recommended, and proposed alternative solutions are outlined.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0952-4746/34/2/N31 | DOI Listing |
Environ Int
March 2024
Division Health Protection Technologies, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Rome, Italy. Electronic address:
Background: The World Health Organization is coordinating an international project aimed at systematically reviewing the evidence regarding the association between radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) exposure and adverse health effects. Reproductive health outcomes have been identified among the priority topics to be addressed.
Objectives: To evaluate the effect of RF-EMF exposure on male fertility of experimental mammals and on human sperm exposed in vitro.
Environ Int
October 2023
Division Health Protection Technologies, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Rome, Italy. Electronic address:
Background: The World Health Organization is coordinating an international project aimed at systematically reviewing the evidence regarding the association between radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) exposure and adverse health effects. Within the project, 6 topics have been prioritized by an expert group, which include reproductive health outcomes.
Objectives: According to the protocol published in 2021, a systematic review and meta-analyses on the adverse effects of RF-EMF exposure during pregnancy in offspring of experimental animals were conducted.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry
May 2023
Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Public Health, Regional Centre Iasi, Iasi 700465, Romania.
ICNIRP 2020 guidelines for limiting exposure to radiofrequency fields replace the radiofrequency part of the ICNIRP 1998 guidelines for limiting exposure to time-varying electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields. Besides setting new restrictions that prevent thermal effect they also took over the 100 kHz to 10 MHz part of the ICNIRP 2010 guidelines for limiting exposure to low-frequency electromagnetic fields, which provides restrictions that prevent nerve stimulation effect. The latest guidelines brought many changes to the system of protection against exposure to radiofrequency fields starting with the physical quantities used to express restrictions and continuing with specific restrictions and new exposure metrics employed.
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August 2022
Department of Epidemiology, Shizuoka Graduate University of Public Health, Shizuoka, Japan.
Objective: To assess exposure levels to electromagnetic fields (EMFs) among library workers in Japan, focusing on co-exposure to intermediate-frequency EMF (IF-EMF) and pulsed EMF, to propose a new epidemiological research methodology.
Methods: The evaluated exposure sources were an electromagnetic type-electronic article surveillance gate (EM-EAS, IF-EMF (operating frequency 220 Hz-14 kHz)) and an activator/deactivator of anti-theft tags termed as "book check unit" (BCU, pulsed EMF). Short-term exposures were: (E1) whole-body exposure from the EAS gate when sitting within 3 m; (E2) local exposure to transient IF-EMF while passing through or beside the EAS gate; and (E3) local exposure to a pulsed magnetic field on BCU use.
Med Eng Phys
June 2022
Université de Lorraine, Institut Jean Lamour (UMR 7198), CNRS, 2 allée André Guinier, Campus Artem, 54000 Nancy, France.
In light of concerns regarding the occupational safety and health of workers wearing active implantable medical devices (AIMDs), this study aims to investigate the potential risks of electromagnetic interference (EMI) between AIMDs and low-frequency 50/60 Hz electromagnetic fields (EMFs) in the workplace. A total of 58 AIMDs, consisting of pacemakers (PMs) and implantable cardiac defibrillators (ICDs) of different brands, models, and configurations were tested to determine the immunity thresholds for high-voltage electric fields (EFs) and magnetic fields (MFs) at 50/60 Hz. The EFs and MFs at the levels in workplaces are reproduced by setups using Helmholtz coils and aluminum plates, respectively, to ensure that the EM/MF exposures are controllable and reproducible.
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