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Tracing pastoralist migrations to southern Africa with lactase persistence alleles. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • - Recent research suggests that southern African Khoisan populations may not have been as isolated as once thought, with evidence indicating a migration of pastoralists from eastern Africa around 2,000 years ago before the Bantu migrations.
  • - The study involved sequencing the lactase enhancer region in 457 individuals from various Khoisan and Bantu-speaking groups, discovering nine genetic variations linked to lactase persistence (LP), particularly the -14010(C) allele, known for being prevalent in pastoralist communities.
  • - The findings reveal a significant association between the -14010(C) allele and pastoralist groups, indicating ongoing positive natural selection for this trait, and surprisingly, some signs of positive selection were also found in foraging groups. *

Article Abstract

Although southern African Khoisan populations are often assumed to have remained largely isolated during prehistory, there is growing evidence for a migration of pastoralists from eastern Africa some 2,000 years ago, prior to the arrival of Bantu-speaking populations in southern Africa. Eastern Africa harbors distinctive lactase persistence (LP) alleles, and therefore LP alleles in southern African populations may be derived from this eastern African pastoralist migration. We sequenced the lactase enhancer region in 457 individuals from 18 Khoisan and seven Bantu-speaking groups from Botswana, Namibia, and Zambia and additionally genotyped four short tandem repeat (STR) loci that flank the lactase enhancer region. We found nine single-nucleotide polymorphisms, of which the most frequent is -14010(∗)C, which was previously found to be associated with LP in Kenya and Tanzania and to exhibit a strong signal of positive selection. This allele occurs in significantly higher frequency in pastoralist groups and in Khoe-speaking groups in our study, supporting the hypothesis of a migration of eastern African pastoralists that was primarily associated with Khoe speakers. Moreover, we find a signal of ongoing positive selection in all three pastoralist groups in our study, as well as (surprisingly) in two foraging groups.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5102062PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2014.03.027DOI Listing

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