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Lung-resident lymphocytes and their roles in respiratory infections and chronic respiratory diseases.
Chin Med J Pulm Crit Care Med
December 2024
Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
Recent scientific breakthroughs have blurred traditional boundaries between innate and adaptive immunity, revealing a sophisticated network of tissue-resident cells that deliver immediate, localized immune responses. These lymphocytes not only provide rapid frontline defense but also present a paradoxical role in the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary fibrosis, and the long-term tissue consequences of viral infections including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). This review traverses the intricate landscape of lung-resident lymphocytes, delving into their origins, diverse functions, and their dualistic impact on pulmonary health.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPan-tumor analysis to investigate the obesity paradox in immune checkpoint blockade.
J Immunother Cancer
January 2025
Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
Background: Obesity is a risk factor for developing cancer but is also associated with improved outcomes after treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), a phenomenon called the obesity paradox. To interrogate mechanisms of divergent immune responses in obese and non-obese patients, we examined the relationship among obesity status, clinical responses, and immune profiles from a diverse, pan-tumor cohort of patients treated with ICI-based therapy.
Methods: From June 2021 to March 2023, we prospectively collected serial peripheral blood samples from patients with advanced or metastatic solid tumors who received ICI as standard of care at Johns Hopkins.
The immune exhaustion paradox: activated functionality during chronic bacterial infections.
J Infect Dev Ctries
December 2024
Department of Immunology, School of Medicine and Dr. Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico.
Co-inhibitory molecules, such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), known as immune checkpoints, regulate the activity of T and myeloid cells during chronic viral infections and are well-established for their roles in cancer therapy. However, their involvement in chronic bacterial infections, particularly those caused by pathogens endemic to developing countries, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), remains incompletely understood. Cytokine microenvironment determines the expression of co-inhibitory molecules in tuberculosis: Results indicate that the cytokine IL-12, in the presence of Mtb antigens, can enhance the expression of co-inhibitory molecules while preserving the effector and memory phenotypes of CD4+ T cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRadiation-Induced Tissue Regeneration: Pathways, Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Potential.
Hematol Oncol Clin North Am
January 2025
Department of Radiation Oncology, Institute for Onco-Physics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York, NY 10461, USA. Electronic address:
This article explores the paradoxic nature of radiation as both a destructive and regenerative force. The article examines the interplay of signaling pathways, immune modulation, and stem cells in tissue regeneration post radiation, emphasizing the roles of key pathways like Wnt, Hedgehog, Notch, and p53. It highlights advancements in low-dose radiation therapy, extracellular vesicles, and stem cell-based interventions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnveiling the Impact of Shrimp piRNAs on WSSV Infection and Immune Modulation.
Fish Shellfish Immunol
January 2025
Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand. Electronic address:
Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that play a crucial role in gene regulation and immune defense. This study investigates their function in Penaeus vannamei shrimp during White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) infection. Analysis of small RNA libraries from WSSV-infected shrimp hemocytes identified 82,788 piRNA homologs, with 138 showing altered expression during infection.
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