Since the discovery of liposomes by Alec Bangham in mid-1960s, these phospholipid vesicles have been widely used as pharmaceutical carriers. Liposomes have been extensively studied in the vaccine delivery field as a carrier and an immune stimulating agent. Liposomes are usually formulated as nanoparticles, mimicking the properties of pathogens, and have the ability to induce humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. In this review, we focused on modern nanotechnology-based approaches for the improvement of liposomal vaccine delivery systems. Topics such as size-dependent uptake, processing and activation of antigen presenting cells, targeting liposomes and route of administration are discussed.
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