After reports of unusually high mortality rates among ducks on farms in Java Island, Indonesia, in September 2012, influenza A(H5N1) viruses were detected and characterized. Sequence analyses revealed all genes clustered with contemporary clade 2.3.2.1 viruses, rather than enzootic clade 2.1.3 viruses, indicating the introduction of an exotic H5N1 clade into Indonesia.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2004.130517 | DOI Listing |
Vet Microbiol
January 2025
College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; The International Joint Laboratory for Cooperation in Agriculture and Agricultural Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China. Electronic address:
Clade 2.3.2.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOne Health Outlook
November 2024
International Centre for Diarrheal Diseases Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Pathogens
September 2024
Avian Zoonosis Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-0853, Japan.
Synanthropic wild rodents associated with agricultural operations may represent a risk path for transmission of high pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) from wild birds to poultry birds. However, their susceptibility to HPAIVs remains unclear. In the present study, house mice (), brown rats (), and black rats () were experimentally exposed to H5N1 subtype HPAIVs to evaluate their vulnerability to infection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEmerg Microbes Infect
December 2024
Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
High pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) virus H5N1 first emerged in Bangladesh in 2007. Despite the use of vaccines in chickens since 2012 to control HPAI, HPAI H5Nx viruses have continued to infect poultry, and wild birds, resulting in notable mass mortalities in house crows (). The first HPAI H5Nx viruses in Bangladesh belonged to clade 2.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVaccines (Basel)
August 2024
Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica (China) Co., Ltd., Taizhou 225300, China.
The evolution of the H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses has led to the emergence of distinct groups with genetically similar clusters of hemagglutinin (HA) sequences. In this study, a consensus H5 HA sequence was cloned into the baculovirus expression system. The HA protein was expressed in baculovirus-infected insect cells and utilized as the antigen for the production of an oil emulsion-based H5 avian influenza vaccine (rBacH5Con5Mut).
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