Cluster analysis is one of the most popular methods for the analysis of multi-parameter data. The cluster analysis reveals the internal structure of the data, group the separate observations on the degree of their similarity. The review provides a definition of the basic concepts of cluster analysis, and discusses the most popular clustering algorithms: k-means, hierarchical algorithms, Kohonen networks algorithms. Examples are the use of these algorithms in biomedical research.
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J Hazard Mater
January 2025
School of Environment, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Response Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China. Electronic address:
Harmful algal blooms are a critical eco-environmental issue with severe impacts on aquatic ecosystems and human health. Tannic acid (TA) has been suggested as an effective algal bloom control, but the molecular mechanisms of its interaction with algae cells and its effects on algal toxin release remain unclear. This study tracked toxin production and release in the toxigenic species Microcystis aeruginosa (M.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Neurosci Res
January 2025
Department of Psychology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
Anxiety and depression disorders show high prevalence rates, and stress is a significant risk factor for both. However, studies investigating the interplay between anxiety, depression, and stress regulation in the brain are scarce. The present manuscript included 124 law students from the LawSTRESS project.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiomed Res Int
January 2025
College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is an important pathogen affecting dairy cattle all over the world by causing significant economic losses due to reproductive and respiratory problems, immunosuppressive effects, increased risk of morbidity, and calf mortality. A cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2021 to August 2021 to determine the seroprevalence of bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) and identify risk factors associated with its occurrence in and around Nekemte Town of Ethiopia. Blood samples were collected from 305 dairy cattle of 41 herds by using cluster-sampling method.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Pharmacol Transl Sci
January 2025
Superior Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará 60714-903, Brazil.
Leishmaniasis is a chronic inflammatory zoonotic illness caused by protozoan flagellates belonging to the genus. Current data suggest that over 1 billion people worldwide are susceptible to infection, primarily in tropical and subtropical countries, where up to 2 million new cases are reported annually. Therefore, the development of a vaccine is crucial to combating this disease.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Pain Res
January 2025
Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Background: Previous research has demonstrated that placebo induction manipulations can reduce an individual's pain through non-specific mechanisms, such as expectancy manipulations. However, despite robust research characterizing these effects, individual differences in predicting placebo analgesic responses are not well understood.
Methods: Fifty-four healthy pain-free adults over 18 (M=22.
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