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Background: Horseshoe kidney is the most common renal fusion anomaly, occurring in approximately 1 in 500 individuals worldwide. It is characterized by abnormalities in kidney position, rotation, and vascular supply. While often asymptomatic, horseshoe kidneys can lead to urological complications, primarily due to ureteric obstruction and impaired urinary drainage.

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Retroperitoneal Müllerian cyst causing uterine protrusion in a teenage girl.

Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol

January 2025

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. Electronic address:

Objective: To describe a rare case of a retroperitoneal Müllerian cyst in a teenage girl with a protruding uterus and associated urogenital anomalies, and to discuss the challenges faced in differential diagnosis and management of such cases.

Case Report: We present the case of a 14-year-old girl presented with a protruding uterus for several weeks, with a history of twin-twin transfusion syndrome at birth. Initial ultrasonography identified a large pelvic cystic tumor.

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Understanding renal pelvis pressure (P) during ureteroscopy (URS) has become increasingly important. High irrigation rates, desirable to maintain visualization and limit thermal dose, can increase P. Use of a multi-channel ureteroscope (m-ureteroscope) with a dedicated drainage channel is one strategy that may facilitate simultaneous low P and high flowrate.

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Introduction And Importance: Xanthogranulomatous inflammation of the female genital tract is a rare condition involving ovarian tubes characterized by chronic inflammation and destruction of pelvic organs, often mimicking pelvic malignancy.

Case Presentation: A 37-year-old female with a history of chronic kidney disease, hypertension, and treated pulmonary tuberculosis, presented with lower abdominal fullness, pain, and irregular menstrual cycles.

Clinical Discussion: Radiological investigations revealed a significant left adnexal mass, suggesting a tubo-ovarian abscess or neoplastic lesion.

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Background: Giant hydronephrosis as an rare condition is often caused by chronic ureteral obstruction. Nephroplication is a crucial procedure to improve urinary drainage in the kidney-sparing surgery for patients with giant hydronephrosis. However, traditional nephroplication via suturing kidney has technical difficulty and many potential risks.

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