Two of the potential bacterial isolates, viz., Pseudomonas fluorescens (VCRC B-426) and Bacillus subtilis (VCRC B-471) whose toxins kill the mosquito pupae/larvae have been identified at our center. As the mode of action of these bacteria are not known, an attempt was made to find out the binding sites of the toxic proteins through immunological methods. Antibodies were raised in BALB/c mice and egg yolk system of chicken layers against the mosquitocidal proteins. The antibodies showed specific binding on to the cephalic and thoracic cuticle of the pupae as well as the paddles of the larvae, indicating the binding of the mosquitocidal proteins.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15321819.2014.895744 | DOI Listing |
Viruses
December 2024
Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
This study investigated a library of known and novel glycyrrhizic acid (GL) conjugates with amino acids and dipeptide esters, as inhibitors of the DENV NS2B-NS3 protease. We utilized docking algorithms to evaluate the interactions of these GL derivatives with key residues (His51, Asp75, Ser135, and Gly153) within 10 Å of the DENV-2 NS2B-NS3 protease binding pocket (PDB ID: 2FOM). It was found that compounds and exhibited unique binding patterns, forming hydrogen bonds with Asp75, Tyr150, and Gly153.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFViruses
December 2024
W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an emerging, mosquito-borne arthritic alphavirus increasingly associated with severe neurological sequelae and long-term morbidity. However, there is limited understanding of the crucial host components involved in CHIKV replicase assembly complex formation, and thus virus replication and virulence-determining factors, within the central nervous system (CNS). Furthermore, the majority of CHIKV CNS studies focus on neuronal infection, even though astrocytes represent the main cerebral target.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFViruses
November 2024
Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Aix-Marseille University, INSERM UA16, 13015 Marseille, France.
Most studies on the docking of ivermectin on the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 concern the receptor binding domain (RBD) and, more precisely, the RBD interface recognized by the ACE2 receptor. The N-terminal domain (NTD), which controls the initial attachment of the virus to lipid raft gangliosides, has not received the attention it deserves. In this study, we combined molecular modeling and physicochemical approaches to analyze the mode of interaction of ivermectin with the interface of the NTD-facing lipid rafts of the host cell membrane.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVaccines (Basel)
December 2024
Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
Background: A goal of mucosal human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vaccines is to generate mucosal plasma cells producing polymeric IgA (pIgA)-neutralizing antibodies at sites of viral entry. However, vaccine immunogens capable of eliciting IgA neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) that recognize tier 2 viral isolates have not yet been identified.
Methods: To determine if stabilized native-like HIV-1 envelope (Env) trimers could generate IgA nAbs, we purified total IgA and IgG from the banked sera of six rhesus macaques that had been found in a previous study to develop serum nAbs after subcutaneous immunization with BG505.
Pharmaceutics
November 2024
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
: To improve the solubility and permeability of Sparfloxacin (SPX) and enhance its antimicrobial activity in vitro, two unreported pharmaceutical crystalline salts were synthesized and characterized in this paper. One is a hydrated crystal of Sparfloxacin with Pimelic acid (PIA), another is a hydrated crystal of Sparfloxacin with Azelaic acid (AZA), namely, SPX-PIA-HO (2CHFNO·CHO·2HO) and SPX-AZA-HO (4CHFNO·2CHO·5HO). : The structure and purity of two crystalline salts were analyzed using solid-state characterization methods such as single-crystal X-ray diffraction, powder X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and infrared spectroscopy.
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