This paper reviews the state of the art in piezoelectric energy harvesting. It presents the basics of piezoelectricity and discusses materials choice. The work places emphasis on material operating modes and device configurations, from resonant to non-resonant devices and also to rotational solutions. The reviewed literature is compared based on power density and bandwidth. Lastly, the question of power conversion is addressed by reviewing various circuit solutions.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s140304755 | DOI Listing |
Sensors (Basel)
January 2025
Institute of Nanotechnologies, Electronics and Equipment Engineering, Southern Federal University, 347922 Taganrog, Russia.
One of the challenging problems in the research and development of vibration sensors relates to the formation of Ohmic contacts for the removal of an electrical signal. In some cases, it is proposed to use arrays of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), which can serve as highly elastic electrode materials for vibration sensors. The purpose of this work is to study the effect of a current-collecting layer of CNTs grown over silicon on the properties of a lead zirconate titanate (PZT) film, which is frequently employed in mechanical vibration sensors or energy harvesters.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMicromachines (Basel)
January 2025
Department of Astronautical, Electrical and Energy Engineering, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy.
The propagation of interface acoustic waves (IAWs) in 128° YX-LiNbO/SU-8/overcoat structures was theoretically studied and experimentally investigated for different types of overcoat materials and thicknesses of the SU-8 adhesive layer. Three-dimensional finite element method analysis was performed using Comsol Multiphysics software to design an optimized multilayer configuration able to achieve an efficient guiding effect of the IAW at the LiNbO/overcoat interface. Numerical analysis results showed the following: (i) an overcoat faster than the piezoelectric half-space ensures that the wave propagation is confined mainly close to the surface of the LiNbO, although with minimal scattering in the overcoat; (ii) the presence of the SU-8, in addition to performing the essential function of an adhesive layer, can also promote the trapping of the acoustic energy toward the surface of the piezoelectric substrate; and (iii) the electromechanical coupling efficiency of the IAW is very close to that of the surface acoustic wave (SAW) along the bare LiNbO half-space.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMicromachines (Basel)
January 2025
Faculty for the Built Environment, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta.
This paper highlights the optimisation of a key design parameter essential to the development of PMUTs, which are part of the transmitting components of microsensors. These microsensors are designed for use in the Structural Health Monitoring of reinforced concrete structures. Enhancing the effectiveness of the transmitting component allows for greater spacing between microsensors, which in turn reduces the number of devices needed to implement a full structural health monitoring system.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMicromachines (Basel)
December 2024
School of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
MEMS acoustic sensors are a type of physical quantity sensor based on MEMS manufacturing technology for detecting sound waves. They utilize various sensitive structures such as thin films, cantilever beams, or cilia to collect acoustic energy, and use certain transduction principles to read out the generated strain, thereby obtaining the targeted acoustic signal's information, such as its intensity, direction, and distribution. Due to their advantages in miniaturization, low power consumption, high precision, high consistency, high repeatability, high reliability, and ease of integration, MEMS acoustic sensors are widely applied in many areas, such as consumer electronics, industrial perception, military equipment, and health monitoring.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdv Mater
January 2025
College of Environment and Climate, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
Combining piezocatalysts with mechanical ball milling for dissociating water to generate hydroxyl radicals (·OH) offers unprecedented opportunities for energy conversion and environmental remediation. However, the in-depth insights into the relationship between water and local polarization piezoelectric electric field (LPPEF) are currently lacking, in particularly, the ·OH formation mechanism in ball milling driven piezocatalyst system is not systematically elucidated. To this end, the present work constructs a ball milling driven piezoelectric solid/liquid interface between piezoelectric PbBOCl (PBOC) and different contents of water to investigate LPPEF initiated catalytic reaction.
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