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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.2113insight2 | DOI Listing |
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Effect of uneven tolerance to human disturbance on dominance interactions of top predators.
Conserv Biol
September 2024
Ecology Department, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Anthropogenic activities may alter felid assemblage structure, facilitating the persistence of tolerant species (commonly mesopredators), excluding ecologically demanding ones (top predators) and, consequently, changing coexistence rules. We aimed to determine how human activities influence intraguild relationships among top predators and their cascading effects on mesopredators, which remain poorly understood despite evidence of top carnivore decline. We used structural equation modeling at a continental scale to investigate how habitat quality and quantity, livestock density, and other human pressures modified the intraguild relations of the 3 species that are at the top of the food chain in the Neotropics: jaguars (Panthera onca), pumas (Puma concolor), and ocelots (Leopardus pardalis).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe uneven impact of Medicaid expansion on rural and urban Black, Latino/a, and White mortality.
J Rural Health
January 2025
Department of Sociology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA.
Purpose: To determine the differential impact of Medicaid expansion on all-cause mortality between Black, Latino/a, and White populations in rural and urban areas, and assess how expansion impacted mortality disparities between these groups.
Methods: We employ a county-level time-varying heterogenous treatment effects difference-in-difference analysis of Medicaid expansion on all-cause age-adjusted mortality for those 64 years of age or younger from 2009 to 2019. For all counties within the 50 US States and the District of Columbia, we use restricted-access vital statistics data to estimate Average Treatment Effect on the Treated (ATET) for all combinations of racial and ethnic group (Black, Latino/a, White), rurality (rural, urban), and sex.
Unexpectedly uneven distribution of functional trade-offs explains cranial morphological diversity in carnivores.
Nat Commun
April 2024
Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology (CNR-IRBIM), National Research Council, Via S. Raineri 4, 98122, Messina, Italy.
Functional trade-offs can affect patterns of morphological and ecological evolution as well as the magnitude of morphological changes through evolutionary time. Using morpho-functional landscape modelling on the cranium of 132 carnivore species, we focused on the macroevolutionary effects of the trade-off between bite force and bite velocity. Here, we show that rates of evolution in form (morphology) are decoupled from rates of evolution in function.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMammal responses to global changes in human activity vary by trophic group and landscape.
Nat Ecol Evol
May 2024
North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, NC, USA.
Wildlife must adapt to human presence to survive in the Anthropocene, so it is critical to understand species responses to humans in different contexts. We used camera trapping as a lens to view mammal responses to changes in human activity during the COVID-19 pandemic. Across 163 species sampled in 102 projects around the world, changes in the amount and timing of animal activity varied widely.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPredictive value of cytoplasmic granulation patterns during in vitro fertilization in metaphase II oocytes: Part I, poor-prognosis patients.
Fertil Steril
August 2021
The Center for Human Reproduction, New York, New York; The Foundation for Reproductive Medicine, New York, New York; Stem Cell Biology and Molecular Embryology Laboratory, Rockefeller University, New York, New York; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vienna University School of Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
Objective: To determine whether 4 cytoplasmic granulation patterns of human metaphase II oocytes have a predictive value for in vitro fertilization outcomes.
Design: A retrospective cohort study.
Setting: An academically affiliated private clinical infertility and research center.
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