AI Article Synopsis

  • - Frosty pod rot (FPR), caused by the fungus Moniliophthora roreri, affects cacao plants, and researchers are studying the differences in infection responses between susceptible and tolerant cacao clones across Central America.
  • - A metabolite analysis revealed that as FPR developed, sugar levels in the cacao pods decreased while trehalose and mannitol levels increased, with varying relationships based on the cacao clone's susceptibility.
  • - RNA sequencing identified 873 genes in M. roreri that showed different expression patterns depending on whether the cacao clone was tolerant or susceptible, highlighting specific genes that aid the fungus in overcoming cacao's defenses during infection.

Article Abstract

Frosty pod rot (FPR) of Theobroma cacao (cacao) is caused by the hemibiotrophic fungus Moniliophthora roreri. Cacao clones tolerant to FPR are being planted throughout Central America. To determine whether M. roreri shows a differential molecular response during successful infections of tolerant clones, we collected field-infected pods at all stages of symptomatology for two highly susceptible clones (Pound-7 and CATIE-1000) and three tolerant clones (UF-273, CATIE-R7 and CATIE-R4). Metabolite analysis was carried out on clones Pound-7, CATIE-1000, CATIE-R7 and CATIE-R4. As FPR progressed, the concentrations of sugars in pods dropped, whereas the levels of trehalose and mannitol increased. Associations between symptoms and fungal loads and some organic and amino acid concentrations varied depending on the clone. RNA-Seq analysis identified 873 M. roreri genes that were differentially expressed between clones, with the primary difference being whether the clone was susceptible or tolerant. Genes encoding transcription factors, heat shock proteins, transporters, enzymes modifying membranes or cell walls and metabolic enzymes, such as malate synthase and alternative oxidase, were differentially expressed. The differential expression between clones of 43 M. roreri genes was validated by real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The expression profiles of some genes were similar in susceptible and tolerant clones (other than CATIE-R4) and varied with the biotrophic/necrotropic shift. Moniliophthora roreri genes associated with stress metabolism and responses to heat shock and anoxia were induced early in tolerant clones, their expression profiles resembling that of the necrotrophic phase. Moniliophthora roreri stress response genes, induced during the infection of tolerant clones, may benefit the fungus in overcoming cacao defense mechanisms.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6638715PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mpp.12134DOI Listing

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