Sexual reproduction is a nearly universal feature of eukaryotic organisms. Given its ubiquity and shared core features, sex is thought to have arisen once in the last common ancestor to all eukaryotes. Using the perspectives of molecular genetics and cell biology, we consider documented and hypothetical scenarios for the instantiation and evolution of meiosis, fertilization, sex determination, uniparental inheritance of organelle genomes, and speciation.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a016154 | DOI Listing |
JMIR Hum Factors
January 2025
Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, 123 Metro Blvd, Nutley, NJ, 07110, United States, 1 7248419463.
Background: Transgender and nonbinary (TGNB) individuals are increasingly intentionally becoming pregnant to raise children, and hospital websites should reflect these trends. For prospective TGNB parents, a hospital website is the only way they can assess their safety from discrimination while receiving perinatal care. Cisnormativity enforced by communication gaps between medical institutions and TGNB patients can and has caused delays in receiving urgent care during their pregnancy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Morphol
January 2025
Archéozoologie, Archéobotanique: Sociétés, Pratiques et Environnements (AASPE), UMR CNRS 7209, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France.
Dental anomalies are frequent in boars and pigs, and they generally affect the first premolar loci. The prevalence of these dental anomalies was investigated in a large number of populations around the world. These studies mainly focused on the influence of domestication, size, sexual dimorphism or food hardness on these anomalies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFReprod Sci
January 2025
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Qom, Qom, 3716146611, Iran.
Fluoxetine is used in the management of depression, anxiety and other mood disorders by increasing serotonin levels in the brain and can cause sexual side effects by changing the homeostasis of sex hormones and increasing oxidative stress. Since many men who take fluoxetine are of reproductive age and sperm are exposed to fluoxetine for a considerable time, this study aimed to examine the in vitro effects of fluoxetine on human sperm biochemical markers and sperm parameters. Semen samples from 30 fertile men were divided into three groups: a positive control group, a negative control group and a fluoxetine-treated group.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
January 2025
College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
The Wannan black pig is a superior local breed in Anhui province, renowned for its exceptional meat quality and remarkable adaptability to various environmental conditions. Semen, being a crucial indicator of male sexual maturity and fertility, significantly influences the performance of breeding boars. The molecular basis for comprehending the fecundity of boars in practical production lies in understanding the disparities in sperm proteins among boars of varying ages.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
January 2025
Centre for Ecology and Conservation, Faculty of Environment, Science & Economy, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, UK.
Promiscuous females reduce male reproductive control. Males can attempt to monopolise access to these females, but distractions and sneaky rivals mean extra copulations cannot always be blocked. By mating first, males can obtain a headstart in sperm competition, but this may be negated by sperm storage and cryptic female choice mechanisms.
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