Assessment of results of surgical treatment for persistent atrial fibrillation during coronary artery bypass grafting using implantable loop recorders.

Objectives: We report our experience with a modified mini-maze procedure and pulmonary vein isolation using radiofrequency energy for treating persistent atrial fibrillation during coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).

Methods: Ninety-five patients with persistent atrial fibrillation and coronary heart disease underwent open heart surgery combined with intraoperative irrigated radiofrequency ablation. Patients were randomized into the following three groups: CABG and irrigated radiofrequency pulmonary vein isolation (CABG+PVI, n = 31); CABG and an irrigated radiofrequency modified mini-maze procedure (CABG+MM, n = 30); and isolated CABG (CABG alone, n = 34). All patients received implantable loop recorders.

Results: No reoperation and no hospital mortality were recorded. Mean follow-up was 14.4 ± 9.7 months. The implantable loop recorder-determined freedom from atrial fibrillation was 80% in the CABG+PVI group, 86.2% in the CABG+MM group and 44.1% in the CABG alone group.

Conclusions: Patients with concomitant atrial fibrillation and coronary heart disease may benefit from intraoperative ablation to prevent relapse of arrhythmia.