AI Article Synopsis
- A study in Africa explored diagnosing acute HIV-1 infection (AHI) among young adults (under 30) with fever and other symptoms, using referrals from pharmacies to health facilities for testing.
- Out of 3,602 patients, AHI was found in 1% of those screened, with a higher prevalence (1.7%) among febrile patients compared to non-febrile patients (0.4%).
- The findings suggest that AHI detection in febrile young adults is feasible and could serve as an effective strategy for HIV prevention in areas with high transmission rates.
Article Abstract
Background: Febrile adults are usually not tested for acute HIV-1 infection (AHI) in Africa. We assessed a strategy to diagnose AHI among young adult patients seeking care.
Methods: Young adults (<30 years) who met predefined AHI criteria at care seeking, including fever, sexually transmitted disease symptoms, diarrhoea, body pains or multiple partners were referred from five pharmacies and screened at five health facilities. Prevalent HIV-1 was diagnosed by nationally recommended serial rapid HIV-1 testing. Willing HIV-1-negative patients were evaluated for AHI, defined as a positive p24 antigen test, and subsequent seroconversion or RNA detection. Febrile patients evaluated for AHI were also screened for malaria using a rapid test, with PCR confirmation of positives.
Results: In 3602 adults seeking care, overall HIV-1 prevalence was 3.9%: 7.6% (68/897) among patients meeting AHI criteria vs. 2.6% (71/2705) among those who did not (P < 0.001). AHI was diagnosed in five of 506 HIV-1-negative or discordant patients who met AHI risk criteria and were completely evaluated [prevalence 1.0%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.3-2.3%]. Of these five AHI cases, four were diagnosed among the 241 patients with fever (prevalence 1.7%, 95% CI 0.5-4.2%), vs. one among 265 non-febrile patients (prevalence 0.4%, 95% CI 0.0-2.0%, P = 0.1). Malaria was confirmed by PCR in four (1.7%) of the 241 febrile patients.
Conclusion: AHI was as common as confirmed malaria in young febrile adults seeking care. An AHI detection strategy targeting young febrile adults seeking care at pharmacies and health facilities is feasible and should be considered as an HIV-prevention strategy in high-transmission settings.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4032215 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0000000000000245 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Targeting Non-Apoptotic Pathways with the Cell Permeable TAT-Conjugated NOTCH1 RAM Fragment for Leukemia and Lymphoma Cells.
ACS Omega
December 2024
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan.
Targeting nonapoptotic cell death offers a promising strategy for overcoming apoptosis resistance in cancer. In this study, we developed Tat-Ram13, a 25-mer peptide that fuses the NOTCH1 intracellular domain fragment RAM13 with a cell-penetrating HIV-1 TAT, for the treatment of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia with aberrant NOTCH1 mutation. Tat-Ram13 significantly downregulated NOTCH1-target genes in T-ALL cell lines.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA critique of the use of species and below-species taxonomic terms for viruses-time for change?
Virus Evol
November 2024
Nuffield Department of Medicine, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford United Kingdom.
The International Committee for the Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) regulates assignment and names of virus species and higher taxa through its taxonomy proposal and ratification process. Despite using similar taxonomic ranks to those used elsewhere in biology, the ICTV has maintained the principle that species and other taxa are strictly categories with a formal nomenclature, whereas the viruses as objects are referenced through a parallel inventory of community-assigned virus names. This is strikingly different from common and scientific name synonyms for species used elsewhere in biology.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDynamics of the blood plasma proteome during hyperacute HIV-1 infection.
Nat Commun
December 2024
Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
The complex dynamics of protein expression in plasma during hyperacute HIV-1 infection and its relation to acute retroviral syndrome, viral control, and disease progression are largely unknown. Here, we quantify 1293 blood plasma proteins from 157 longitudinally linked plasma samples collected before, during, and after hyperacute HIV-1 infection of 54 participants from four sub-Saharan African countries. Six distinct longitudinal expression profiles are identified, of which four demonstrate a consistent decrease in protein levels following HIV-1 infection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn vivo HIV-1 nuclear condensates safeguard against cGAS and license reverse transcription.
EMBO J
December 2024
Institut Pasteur, Advanced Molecular Virology Unit, Department of Virology, Université Paris Cité, 75015, Paris, France.
Entry of viral capsids into the nucleus induces the formation of biomolecular condensates called HIV-1 membraneless organelles (HIV-1-MLOs). Several questions remain about their persistence, in vivo formation, composition, and function. Our study reveals that HIV-1-MLOs persisted for several weeks in infected cells, and their abundance correlated with viral infectivity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFunctional variability of Nef in antagonizing SERINC5 during acute to chronic HIV-1 infection.
AIDS
November 2024
National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
Article Synopsis
- The study examines how long-term evolution of the HIV-1 Nef protein affects its ability to counteract the host factor SERINC5, which plays a role in viral infectivity.
- Analysis involved comparing Nef isolates from different infection stages in 19 individuals with subtype B or C HIV-1, revealing that subtype B showed a decline in Nef's ability to inhibit SERINC5 over time, unlike subtype C.
- The findings suggest that specific mutations in Nef are linked to variations in its function against SERINC5 and highlight the limited influence of host T cell responses on these mutations, providing insights into HIV-1 pathogenesis.*
Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!