Three-dimensional models are being extensively used in the medical area in order to improve clinical medical examinations and diagnosis. The Cardiology field handles with several types of image slices to compose the diagnosis. MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) is a non-invasive technique to detect anomalies from internal images of the human body that generates hundreds of images, which takes long for the specialist to analyze frame by frame and the diagnosis precision can be affected. Many cardiac diseases could be identified through shape deformation, but systems aimed to aid diagnosis usually identify shapes in two-dimensional (2D) images. Our aim is to apply a shape descriptor to retrieve three-dimensional cardiac models, obtained from a set of 2D slices, which were segmented and reconstructed from MRI images using their geometry information. Preliminary results show that the shape deformation in 3D models can be a good indicator to detect Congestive Heart Failure, a very common heart disease.
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Adv Model Simul Eng Sci
January 2025
Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Institute for Mechanical Systems, ETH Zürich, Zürich, 8092 Switzerland.
We extend (EUCLID Efficient Unsupervised Constitutive Law Identification and Discovery)-a data-driven framework for automated material model discovery-to pressure-sensitive plasticity models, encompassing arbitrarily shaped yield surfaces with convexity constraints and non-associated flow rules. The method only requires full-field displacement and boundary force data from one single experiment and delivers constitutive laws as interpretable mathematical expressions. We construct a material model library for pressure-sensitive plasticity models with non-associated flow rules in four steps: (1) a Fourier series describes an arbitrary yield surface shape in the deviatoric stress plane; (2) a pressure-sensitive term in the yield function defines the shape of the shear failure surface and determines plastic deformation under tension; (3) a compression cap term determines plastic deformation under compression; (4) a non-associated flow rule may be adopted to avoid the excessive dilatancy induced by plastic deformations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClin Neuropsychiatry
December 2024
Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Neuroscienze, Parma, Italy.
Objective: it is well known that during an intentional behavior, the final goal of the action shapes the entire sequence of motor acts. This chained organization has been previously demonstrated to be altered in school-age autistic children, who modulate only the final motor act according to the action goal. Here, we investigate the temporal modulation during the intentional action in three groups of preschoolers: neurotypical, autistic, and non-autistic siblings of autistic children.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Physiol
January 2025
Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan.
Introduction: The effect of mechanoreflex on central blood pressure (BP) is unclear, although the influence of metaboreflex has been investigated. A relatively small contribution of the mechanoreflex to the pressor response to exercise has been considered in humans because many studies have failed to isolate the mechanoreflex-mediated pressor response. In a recent study, we successfully isolated a mechanoreflex-mediated pressor response using static passive stretching (SPS) in the forearm.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFQuant Imaging Med Surg
January 2025
School of Computer and Control Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, China.
Background: Skin lesion segmentation plays a significant role in skin cancer diagnosis. However, due to the complex shapes, varying sizes, and different color depths, precise segmentation of skin lesions is a challenging task. Therefore, the aim of this study was to design a customized deep learning (DL) model for the precise segmentation of skin lesions, particularly for complex shapes and small target lesions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEquine Vet J
January 2025
Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
Background: There is very little information available about the health status of young stallions from the German Warmblood population that will, once licensed, shape the future of equestrian sport and horse breeding.
Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence of clinical findings at licensing examinations of candidate stallions and the influences of season of birth, age at licensing, year of licensing, and the evaluator on the distribution of recorded findings.
Study Design: Retrospective observational study.
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