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Economic policy uncertainty and corporate innovation-empirical evidence from Chinese pharmaceutical listed companies.
Front Public Health
January 2025
School of Business Administration, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.
Introduction: Under the background that economic policy uncertainty tends to be normal, the innovation behavior of enterprises can cope with the cost impact brought by economic policy uncertainty.
Methods: Based on the relevant data of China's A-share pharmaceutical listed companies from 2015 to 2022, this paper empirically studied the relationship between economic policy uncertainty and firm innovation by using fixed-effect model, intermediary model, instrumental variable method and two-step method, and investigated the mechanism effects of financialization, executive compensation and government subsidies.
Conclusion: Economic policy uncertainty significantly increases the innovation intensity of enterprises.
Dietary deacetylated chitin nanoparticles confer protection against diazinon toxicity in male African catfish: evaluation of immune-biochemical, antioxidant, and reproductive profiles.
Fish Physiol Biochem
January 2025
Fish Disease Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, 81528, Egypt.
Currently, deacetylated chitin (chitosan) nanoparticles (CNPs) are successfully utilized in aquaculture practices. This trial demonstrates the efficacy of CNPs in combating diazinon (DZN) toxicity in African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, via monitoring hepato-renal function, serum immune trait, hormonal function, and hepato-renal antioxidant activity. Four groups were allocated as follows: a control group, a CNPs group (0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPharmaceutical Salts: Comprehensive Insights From Fundamental Chemistry to FDA Approvals (2019-2023).
AAPS PharmSciTech
January 2025
B.K. Mody Government Pharmacy College, Polytechnic Campus, Near Ajidam, Rajkot, Gujarat-360005, India.
Pharmaceutical salts are a cornerstone in drug development, offering a robust, economical, and industry-friendly option for improving the crucial physicochemical properties of drugs, particularly solubility and dissolution. This review article explores all critical aspects of salt formation, including its importance, the basic chemistry involved, the principles governing counterion selection, the range of counterions used, and the methods for preparing salts along with their advantages and limitations. Additionally, it explores analytical techniques for confirming salt formation and the different approaches various countries adopt in considering new salts as intellectual property.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChemistry, manufacturing and controls strategies for using novel excipients in lipid nanoparticles.
Nat Nanotechnol
January 2025
Global Regulatory Affairs CMC, Sanofi, Marcy-l'Etoile, France.
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for nucleic acid delivery often use novel lipids as functional excipients to modulate the biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and efficacy of the nucleic acid. Novel excipients used in pharmaceutical products are subject to heightened regulatory scrutiny and often require data packages comparable to an active pharmaceutical ingredient. Although these regulatory requirements may help to ensure patient safety they also create economic and procedural barriers that can disincentivize innovation and delay clinical investigation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRethinking Gender: Beyond the Binary and into the Unknown.
Integr Psychol Behav Sci
January 2025
Bennett University, Greater Noida, India.
Our present and evolved understanding has challenged the previously synonymous use of the terms 'sex' and 'gender'. We have moved beyond the binary categorization towards proliferation of gender identities. Thus, raising questions whether certain identities are traits or gender identities.
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