There was an argument that the Obama Administration's lawyers could have made--but didn't--in defending Obamacare's individual mandate against constitutional attack. That argument would have highlighted the role of comprehensive health insurance in steering individuals' healthcare savings and consumption decisions. Because consumer-directed healthcare, which reaches its apex when individuals self-insure, suffers from several known market failures and because comprehensive health insurance policies play an unusually aggressive regulatory role in attempting to correct those failures, the individual mandate could be seen as an attempt to eliminate inefficiencies in the healthcare market that arise from individual decisions to self-insure. This argument would done a better job than the Obama Administration's of aligning the individual mandate with existing Commerce Clause and Necessary and Proper Clause precedent, and it would have done a better job of addressing the conservative Justices' primary concerns with upholding the mandate. This Article lays out this forgone defense of the individual mandate.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009885881303900402 | DOI Listing |
Attach Hum Dev
December 2024
Department of Welfare and Participation, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway.
Acknowledged researchers have highlighted the potential pitfalls of using attachment theory to guide decision-making in child protection (CP) cases. This study explores how attachment theory is applied in expert assessments in Norwegian CP decision-making processes, analyzing 285 independent expert reports. Independent experts were mandated to assess the child's attachment quality to the caregiver in one third of the reports.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBr J Cancer
January 2025
Medical Microbiology and Immunology, National Health Laboratory Service, Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.
Background: Burkitt lymphoma (BL) may be HIV-associated but data on BL trends in South Africa (SA), where HIV is highly prevalent, are scarce. We compared BL incidence trends over 36 years among Black African and White individuals.
Methods: We included histologically diagnosed BL from the National Cancer Registry in SA between 1986-2021.
Sci Rep
January 2025
Division of Pulmonology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214, Gdańsk, Poland.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations frequently cause patient consultations in both out- and inpatient settings. Recent data suggest that only 40-60% of exacerbations are of bacterial origin and mandate antibiotic treatment. However, a reliable tool to justify prescribing antibiotics for COPD exacerbation is still lacking.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFConserv Biol
January 2025
Marine Mammal Research Program, Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Kāne'ohe, Hawai'i, USA.
Several legal acts mandate that management agencies regularly assess biological populations. For species with distinct markings, these assessments can be conducted noninvasively via capture-recapture and photographic identification (photo-ID), which involves processing considerable quantities of photographic data. To ease this burden, agencies increasingly rely on automated identification (ID) algorithms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIsr J Health Policy Res
January 2025
School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences and the Coller School of Management, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Background: Israel is unique in offering a formal subspecialty in Medical Administration and mandating it for physicians applying for senior roles. Data on the prevalence and characteristics of these specialists are limited.
Methods: The national registry of licensed physicians was used to identify all living physicians who completed the Medical Administration subspecialty by December 31, 2022.
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