Evidence is mounting that vitamin D deficiency is intimately involved in autism. We report on autism prevalence by US state for those aged 6-17 y in 2010 with respect to indices of solar UV-B (UVB) doses. We calculated autism prevalence rates for white, black and Asian Americans by using total prevalence and relative populations of minors for each ethnic group by state. Analyses omit AK and HI (considered extreme cases), WY (no data), along with AZ and ND for black Americans (low numbers) and DC, ME, MT, ND and SD for Asian Americans (low numbers). For white Americans, the regression coefficient for solar UVB doses and autism prevalence ranged from -0.52 in January to -0.57 in October. For black Americans, the regression coefficient for latitude was 0.61, whereas those for solar UVB ranged from -0.55 to -0.61. For Asian Americans, the values for solar UVB ranged from -0.28 to -0.38. The inverse correlation between solar UVB and autism prevalence is similar to that for many types of cancer in the US. The journal literature indicates that adverse effects on fetal brain development during pregnancy due to vitamin D deficiency can explain these findings. However, we cannot rule out a role of vitamin D deficiency in early life. These results add to the evidence that vitamin D deficiency may be an important risk factor for autism and suggest that pregnant women and autistic individuals raise their serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations above 30 ng/ml.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/derm.22942 | DOI Listing |
JAMA Netw Open
January 2025
Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
Importance: Current evidence of the association between prenatal exposure to glucocorticoids and long-term mental disorders is scarce and has limitations.
Objective: To investigate the association between prenatal exposure to systemic glucocorticoids and mental disorders in offspring at the age of 15 years, comparing exposed vs unexposed offspring born to mothers with the same underlying disease (risk of preterm delivery and autoimmune or inflammatory disorders).
Design, Setting, And Participants: This nationwide population-based cohort study used data from registries in Denmark with follow-up until December 31, 2018.
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Background: Recent studies have shown that patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are more likely to be diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Increased genetic risk for ADHD, measured with ADHD polygenic risk scores (ADHD-PRS), was associated with a more severe AD presentation, including worse cognitive function and higher tau pathology. Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPSs) are common in AD and are hypothesized to occur with disease progression.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDan Med J
November 2024
NCRR - National Centre for Register-based Research, School of Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University.
Introduction: While diagnosis rates of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) vary within countries at a large-scale municipal level, small neighbourhood geographic variation remains understudied. In this nationwide study, we describe the rates of ASD and ADHD diagnoses in children and adults by geographical data zones of approximately 2,500 residents across Denmark.
Methods: We included a population of children born from 1993 through 2020 and an adult population born from 1977 through 2003.
Front Nutr
December 2024
Health Via Modern Nutrition Inc. (H.V.M.N.), San Francisco, CA, United States.
Background: Despite being the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders, there are comparatively few treatment options available to patients presenting with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The ketogenic diet has historically shown therapeutic utility in treating refractory epilepsy, an adjacent neuropsychiatric condition, in children, adolescents and adults. The following review explores preclinical and clinical literature focusing on the therapeutic potential of the ketogenic diet and exogenous ketone body supplementation in treating common neurodevelopmental disorders.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Genet
January 2025
Telemachus and Irene Demoulas Family Foundation Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
To broaden our understanding of bradyarrhythmias and conduction disease, we performed common variant genome-wide association analyses in up to 1.3 million individuals and rare variant burden testing in 460,000 individuals for sinus node dysfunction (SND), distal conduction disease (DCD) and pacemaker (PM) implantation. We identified 13, 31 and 21 common variant loci for SND, DCD and PM, respectively.
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