Diuretics are an important class of medicine used to treat a wide variety of acute and chronic conditions, like: heart failure, hypertension and renal diseases. They act by increasing urinary excretion of water, sodium, and some others electrolytes, at different sites in the nephron. In this paper the mechanisms of action, use, dosing and adverse effects of the commonly used diuretics are reviewed.
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Prevalence and correlates of uncontrolled hypertension and cardiovascular morbidity among patients with hypertension at the largest tertiary care hospital in Sri Lanka.
J Hypertens
December 2024
University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.
Introduction: Hypertension is the leading preventable cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality globally, with a disproportionate impact on low-income and middle-income countries like Sri Lanka. Effective blood pressure (BP) control improves outcomes in patients with hypertension. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension, and its correlates among Sri Lankan patients with hypertension in clinic settings.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProenkephalin A 119-159 (penKid) and mortality in stable patients at high cardiovascular risk.
Clin Kidney J
September 2024
Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
Background: Proenkephalin A 119-159 (penKid) is a novel blood biomarker for real-time assessment of kidney function and was found to be independently associated with worsening kidney function and mortality. A novel penKid-based estimated glomerular filtration rate equation (eGFR), outperforms current creatinine-based eGFR equations in predicting iohexol or iothalamate plasma clearance-based measured GFR. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the predictive value of penKid and eGFR for all-cause mortality in stable patients at high cardiovascular risk.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCarbonic anhydrase 2-derived drug-responsive domain regulates membrane-bound cytokine expression and function in engineered T cells.
Commun Biol
January 2025
Obsidian Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Adoptive cell therapies (ACT) have shown reduced efficacy against solid tumor malignancies compared to hematologic malignancies, partly due to the immunosuppressive nature of the tumor microenvironment (TME). ACT efficacy may be enhanced with pleiotropic cytokines that remodel the TME; however, their expression needs to be tightly controlled to avoid systemic toxicities. Here we show T cells can be armored with membrane-bound cytokines with surface expression regulated using drug-responsive domains (DRDs) developed from the 260-amino acid protein human carbonic anhydrase 2 (CA2).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Impact of Right Atrial Function on Prognosis and Renal Function in Tricuspid Regurgitation Patients.
Am J Cardiol
January 2025
Division of Cardiology, Department of medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is related to survival and right atrial (RA) size and function may play a role. Our objective is to assess the impact of RA function measured by strain (RAS) on outcome and end organ congestion. We enrolled 134 patients (mean age 73 ± 13 years, 62% women) with any TR grade or etiology and a complete echocardiogram, clinical follow up and renal function assessment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Hypertension is a risk factor for cognitive impairment and dementia. Anti-hypertensives (AHT) are commonly used in old age, but their association with cognition and brain pathology is not well understood.
Method: To investigate the relation of AHT with change in cognitive function and postmortem brain pathology, we evaluated 4,207 older persons without known dementia at enrollment and a subset of 1880 participants who died and came to autopsy.
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