Objective: To evaluate the impact and effectiveness of the 23-valent polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine (23vPPV) in ≥ 65-year-old Australians in the context of concurrent 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (7vPCV) use in infants.
Design, Patients And Setting: Ecological analysis of trends in invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) notification rates and vaccine effectiveness estimation using the screening method, using data on Australians aged ≥ 65 years (23vPPV funded) and 50-64 years (23vPPV not funded).
Intervention: National 23vPPV program for people aged ≥ 65 years and national 7vPCV program for infants, both commencing in 2005.
Main Outcome Measures: IPD incidence rate ratios, 2002-2004 to 2010-2011, and 23vPPV effectiveness against 23vPPV-type IPD.
Results: The proportion of people aged ≥ 65 years who were vaccinated within the previous 5 years in jurisdictions excluding Victoria ranged from 41% to 64% over the study period, with no clear trend over time. Incidence rate ratios in the ≥ 65-year age group were 0.11 (95% CI, 0.09-0.14) for 7vPCV serotypes, 1.64 (95% CI, 1.41-1.91) for 23vPPV-non-7vPCV serotypes and 2.07 (95% CI, 1.67-2.57) for non-23vPPV serotypes. The incidence rate ratio for total IPD was 0.65 (95% CI, 0.59-0.71) for people aged ≥ 65 years, and 0.80 (0.71-0.90) for people aged 50-64 years. The estimate of 23vPPV effectiveness was 61.1% (95% CI, 55.1%-66.9%).
Conclusions: The greater reduction in IPD among ≥ 65-year-olds compared with 50-64-year-olds did not reach statistical significance. However, vaccine effectiveness was significant. Greater reductions in IPD in ≥ 65-year-olds would be expected from the indirect effects of using 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in infants (introduced for Australian infants in 2011) and an increase in 23vPPV coverage.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/mja12.11759 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
The virome composition of respiratory tract changes in school-aged children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection.
Virol J
January 2025
Department of Pediatric, the Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Wuxi, China.
Background: Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) is a common pathogen for respiratory infections in children. Previous studies have reported respiratory tract microbial disturbances associated with MP infection (MPI); however, since the COVID-19 pandemic, respiratory virome data in school-aged children with MPI remains insufficient. This study aims to explore the changes in the respiratory virome caused by MPI after the COVID-19 pandemic to enrich local epidemiological data.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEstablishment and validation of predictive model of ARDS in critically ill patients.
J Transl Med
January 2025
Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a prevalent complication among critically ill patients, constituting around 10% of intensive care unit (ICU) admissions and mortality rates ranging from 35 to 46%. Hence, early recognition and prediction of ARDS are crucial for the timely administration of targeted treatment. However, ARDS is frequently underdiagnosed or delayed, and its heterogeneity diminishes the clinical utility of ARDS biomarkers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCombined 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and physical activity on mortality in US stroke survivors: findings from the NHANES.
Nutr J
January 2025
Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 155 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
Background: 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations and physical activity (PA) are linked and both are associated with changes in mortality. We examined the association of 25(OH)D and PA with all-cause or cause-specific mortality risk in stroke survivors.
Methods: The analysis included 677 stroke survivors from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2008 to 2017-2018.
The potential of a population register for addressing health inequities: an observational study using data linkage to improve breast cancer screening enrolment and participation in Indigenous Māori women in Aotearoa New Zealand.
BMC Health Serv Res
January 2025
Te Aka Whai Ora (Māori Health Authority), Auckland, New Zealand.
Background: Breast cancer screening in Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ) still has persistent inequitable coverage by ethnicity, especially for Indigenous Māori women. This project aimed to undertake systematic data linkage to identify and invite eligible Māori women to participate in breast screening.
Methods: This is a cross-sectional observational study conducted in Northern New Zealand between 1/01/2020 and 30/06/2021.
Mortality and morbidity patterns in Yaoundé, Cameroon: an ICD-11 classification-based analysis.
BMC Med Inform Decis Mak
January 2025
Higher Institute of Medical Technology, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
Background: In Cameroon, like in many other resource-limited countries, data generated by health settings including morbidity and mortality parameters are not always uniform. In the absence of a national guideline necessary for the standardization and harmonization of data, precision of data required for effective decision-making is therefore not guaranteed. The objective of the present study was to assess the reporting style of morbidity and mortality data in healthcare settings.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!