The respiratory and the cardiovascular systems are intimately connected. Because of the high degree of morphological and functional interaction, pathophysiological processes in one compartment are likely to induce adaptive changes in the other. Computed tomography (CT) plays a central role in the diagnostic work up of both thoracic and cardiac disorders. Historically, these two systems have been evaluated separately; however, CT technology has evolved remarkably over recent decades. Up-to-date advanced imaging strategies allow for a combined assessment of the cardiopulmonary unit. Besides improved techniques of electrocardiogram (ECG)-synchronization for obtaining both morphological and functional information, latest advances of dual-source CT (DSCT) have shown great promise for even more comprehensive integrated cardiothoracic imaging.
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