The Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) publishes genotype-based drug guidelines to help clinicians understand how available genetic test results could be used to optimize drug therapy. CPIC has focused initially on well-known examples of pharmacogenomic associations that have been implemented in selected clinical settings, publishing nine to date. Each CPIC guideline adheres to a standardized format and includes a standard system for grading levels of evidence linking genotypes to phenotypes and assigning a level of strength to each prescribing recommendation. CPIC guidelines contain the necessary information to help clinicians translate patient-specific diplotypes for each gene into clinical phenotypes or drug dosing groups. This paper reviews the development process of the CPIC guidelines and compares this process to the Institute of Medicine's Standards for Developing Trustworthy Clinical Practice Guidelines.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389200215666140130124910 | DOI Listing |
J Trauma Nurs
January 2025
Author Affiliations: Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal (Dr Mota); Health School, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, Viseu, Portugal (Drs Mota, Santos, and Cunha); Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA: E), Coimbra, Portugal (Drs Mota and Cunha); CINTESIS@RISE - Center for Health Technology and Services Research, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal (Drs Mota and Santos); Academic Clinical Centre of Beiras, Covilhã, Portugal (Drs Mota and Cunha); Abel Salazar Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal (Drs Melo and Santos); Portugal Centre for Evidence-Based Practice: A Joanna Briggs Institute Centre of Excellence, Coimbra, Portugal (Dr Santos); Hospital São Teotónio, Tondela Viseu Hospital Centre, Viseu, Portugal (Dr Abrantes); Santa Casa da Misericórdia de Seia, Seia, Portugal (Dr Monteiro); and Nursing School of Porto, Porto, Portugal (Dr Santos).
Background: Spinal immobilization, a widely used trauma prehospital intervention, is known to cause discomfort, yet little is known about interventions to reduce this discomfort.
Objective: This scoping review aims to evaluate prehospital interventions to reduce discomfort from spinal immobilization in adult trauma patients.
Method: This scoping review assessed prehospital pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions to address discomfort from spinal immobilization in adult trauma patients.
J Trauma Nurs
January 2025
Author Affiliations: Castner Incorporated, Grand Island, NY (Dr Castner); Health Policy, Management, and Behavior, School of Public Health, University at Albany, Albany, New York (Dr Castner); Stony Brook University School of Nursing, Stony Brook, NY (Ms Zazzera); and Nursing Research and Evidence-Based Practice, Penn Medicine Lancaster General Health, Lancaster, PA (Dr Burchill).
Background: Trauma population health indicators are worsening in the United States. Nurses working in trauma care settings require specialized training for patient care. Little is known about national enumeration of nurses who hold skill-based trauma certificates.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Public Health Manag Pract
November 2024
Author Affiliations: Department of Community Health Sciences, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts (Drs White and Elliott, Ms Cunnington, and Dr Greece); Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center and Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (Dr Drainoni); Evans Center for Implementation and Improvement Sciences, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (Dr Drainoni); Department of Health, Law, Policy and Management, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts (Dr Drainoni); and Winthrop Department of Public Health & Clinical Services, Winthrop, Massachusetts (Ms Hurley).
Objective: A pipeline is required to build a qualified and diverse public health workforce. Work-education programs offer public health students experiential learning, training, and a pathway to public health professions. However, there is a gap in the literature to guide public health practice on the types of programs, their components, and their potential impact.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Clin Oncol
January 2025
The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Purpose: Over the past 15 years, the landscape of early phase clinical trials (EPCTs) has undergone a remarkable expansion in both quantity and intricacy. The proliferation of sites, trials, sponsors, and contract research organizations has surged exponentially, marking a significant shift in research conduct. However, EPCT operations suffer from numerous inefficiencies, such as cumbersome start-up processes, which are particularly critical when drug safety and the recommended phase II dose need to be established in a timely manner.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Nurs Res
January 2025
College of Nursing & Health Science, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.
Background: Despite an overall decline in serious adverse events in hospitalized patients, approximately one third of inpatient mortality continues to relate to adverse events impacting patients on general wards. The preparedness of nurses, midwives, and nursing assistants (collectively referred to as ward-based staff) to recognize patient deterioration is therefore seen as critical.
Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore ward-based staff perspectives regarding their preparedness to recognize patient deterioration.
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