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Unlabelled: While visual working memory (WM) is strongly associated with reductions in occipitoparietal 8-12 Hz alpha power, the role of 4-7 Hz frontal midline theta power is less clear, with both increases and decreases widely reported. Here, we test the hypothesis that this theta paradox can be explained by non-oscillatory, aperiodic neural activity dynamics. Because traditional time-frequency analyses of electroencephalopgraphy (EEG) data conflate oscillations and aperiodic activity, event-related changes in aperiodic activity can manifest as task-related changes in apparent oscillations, even when none are present.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAutonomous International Classification of Diseases Coding Using Pretrained Language Models and Advanced Prompt Learning Techniques: Evaluation of an Automated Analysis System Using Medical Text.
JMIR Med Inform
January 2025
Medical Big Data Research Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
Background: Machine learning models can reduce the burden on doctors by converting medical records into International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes in real time, thereby enhancing the efficiency of diagnosis and treatment. However, it faces challenges such as small datasets, diverse writing styles, unstructured records, and the need for semimanual preprocessing. Existing approaches, such as naive Bayes, Word2Vec, and convolutional neural networks, have limitations in handling missing values and understanding the context of medical texts, leading to a high error rate.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDevelopment and Clinical Evaluation of a Contrast Optimizer for Contrast-Enhanced CT Imaging of the Liver.
J Comput Assist Tomogr
November 2024
From the Carl E. Ravin Advanced Imaging Labs, Center for Virtual Imaging Trials, Department of Radiology.
Objective: Patient characteristics, iodine injection, and scanning parameters can impact the quality and consistency of contrast enhancement of hepatic parenchyma in CT imaging. Improving the consistency and adequacy of contrast enhancement can enhance diagnostic accuracy and reduce clinical practice variability, with added positive implications for safety and cost-effectiveness in the use of contrast medium. We developed a clinical tool that uses patient attributes (height, weight, sex, age) to predict hepatic enhancement and suggest alternative injection/scanning parameters to optimize the procedure.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInfants' resting-state functional connectivity and event-related potentials: A multimodal approach to investigating the neural basis of infant novelty detection.
Dev Psychol
January 2025
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine.
Individual differences in how the brain responds to novelty are present from infancy. A common method of studying novelty processing is through event-related potentials (ERPs). While ERPs possess millisecond precision, spatial resolution remains poor, especially in infancy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAperiodic Pupil Fluctuations at Rest Predict Orienting of Visual Attention.
Psychophysiology
January 2025
Department of Psychology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
The aperiodic exponent of the power spectrum of signals in several neuroimaging modalities has been found to be related to the excitation/inhibition balance of the neural system. Leveraging the rich temporal dynamics of resting-state pupil fluctuations, the present study investigated the association between the aperiodic exponent of pupil fluctuations and the neural excitation/inhibition balance in attentional processing. In separate phases, we recorded participants' pupil size during resting state and assessed their attentional orienting using the Posner cueing tasks with different cue validities (i.
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