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Transition to seizure in focal epilepsy: From SEEG phenomenology to underlying mechanisms.
Epilepsia
December 2024
INSERM, LTSI U1099, Université de Rennes, Rennes, France.
Objective: For the pre-surgical evaluation of patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsy, stereo-electroencephalographic (SEEG) signals are routinely recorded to identify the epileptogenic zone network (EZN). This network consists of remote brain regions involved in seizure initiation. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying typical SEEG patterns that occur during the transition from interictal to ictal activity in distant brain nodes of the EZN remain poorly understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntracranial EEG-Based Directed Functional Connectivity in Alpha to Gamma Frequency Range Reflects Local Circuits of the Human Mesiotemporal Network.
Brain Topogr
October 2024
Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacher Strasse 64, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
To date, it is largely unknown how frequency range of neural oscillations measured with EEG is related to functional connectivity. To address this question, we investigated frequency-dependent directed functional connectivity among the structures of mesial and anterior temporal network including amygdala, hippocampus, temporal pole and parahippocampal gyrus in the living human brain. Intracranial EEG recording was obtained from 19 consecutive epilepsy patients with normal anterior mesial temporal MR imaging undergoing intracranial presurgical epilepsy diagnostics with multiple depth electrodes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEMG-projected MEG high-resolution source imaging of human motor execution: Brain-muscle coupling above movement frequencies.
Imaging Neurosci (Camb)
January 2024
Radiology, Research, and Psychiatry Services, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States.
Article Synopsis
- * A new method was developed that combines MEG with electromyography (EMG) to accurately locate early-stage motor cortex activity during self-paced finger movements without averaging multiple trials over a minute-long recording.
- * The study found that this EMG-projected MEG technique effectively identified motor cortex activity in both healthy participants and presurgical patients, even when muscle movements were irregular, shedding light on how the brain communicates with muscles during various frequency bands.
High-gamma modulation language mapping and cognitive outcomes after epilepsy surgery.
Epilepsia
October 2024
Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Article Synopsis
- The study aimed to assess cognitive changes after surgery that involved removing areas of the brain with significant high-gamma power modulations (HGM) during a visual naming task, even though these areas were not identified as language-critical during standard electrical stimulation mapping.
- Researchers analyzed the cognitive outcomes of 37 drug-resistant epilepsy patients one year after surgery, highlighting the effects of lesioning HGM language sites on various neuropsychological assessments, specifically measuring reliable change indices (RCIs).
- Results showed that lesioning even one HGM language site was associated with significant declines in scores for vocabulary, working memory, and verbal learning, indicating that these areas play an important role in cognitive function, despite being categorized as non-language sites through electrical mapping.
Macrophage Phenotype Induced by Circulating Small Extracellular Vesicles from Women with Endometriosis.
Biomolecules
June 2024
Department of Experimental Pathology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIBB-CSIC), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
Article Synopsis
- Evidence indicates that the immune system, particularly macrophages, plays a critical role in the development and progression of endometriosis, linked to dysfunction in their activity.
- This study examines the impact of Small Extracellular Vesicles (sEVs) from the plasma of endometriosis patients on macrophage polarization, comparing them to a control group without the disease.
- Results show that sEVs from endometriosis patients promote macrophages to adopt an M2 phenotype, which is associated with lower activation and changes in certain protein expressions, despite not affecting cell uptake or responding to a specific treatment with a PPARG agonist.
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