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Basic Science and Pathogenesis.
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
Laboratory for Neuropathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Background: Limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy (LATE) has been recently recognized as a cause of dementia in the elderly. LATE and Alzheimer's disease (AD) share similar clinical presentations, and their neuropathological changes-LATE-NC and ADNC-commonly co-occur in the brains of individuals with dementia. Frontotemporal degeneration (FTLD-TDP) represents another group of TDP-43-associated neurodegenerative diseases.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEngineering mRNA vaccine with broad-spectrum protection against SARS-cov-2 variants.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun
December 2024
Nanjing Shenxin Biotechnology Co., Ltd., 211800, China. Electronic address:
Herd immunity through mass vaccination is an effective method for preventing infectious diseases. However, the emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants, with their frequent mutations, largely evade the immune response and protection induced by COVID-19 vaccines. Here, we designed messenger RNAs encoding mutant epitopes of the spike protein shared among various COVID-19 variants.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBreast cancer (BC), a globally prevalent malignancy, shows significant variability in incidence across different geographical regions. In this study, we examined the expression of the tumor suppressor gene BRCA1 and the tumor marker CA15-3 in women diagnosed with BC, focusing on different cancer grades. Our research, conducted at the Baqiyat Elah Hospital in Tehran in 2021, involved collecting blood and serum samples from BC patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSpatial proteomic differences in chronic traumatic encephalopathy, Alzheimer's disease, and primary age-related tauopathy hippocampi.
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
Department of Pathology, Molecular, and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD), primary age-related tauopathy (PART), and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) all feature hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau)-immunoreactive neurofibrillary degeneration, but differ in neuroanatomical distribution and progression of neurofibrillary degeneration and amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition.
Methods: We used Nanostring GeoMx Digital Spatial Profiling to compare the expression of 70 proteins in neurofibrillary tangle (NFT)-bearing and non-NFT-bearing neurons in hippocampal CA1, CA2, and CA4 subregions and entorhinal cortex of cases with autopsy-confirmed AD (n = 8), PART (n = 7), and CTE (n = 5).
Results: There were numerous subregion-specific differences related to Aβ processing, autophagy/proteostasis, inflammation, gliosis, oxidative stress, neuronal/synaptic integrity, and p-tau epitopes among these different disorders.
Potent prophylactic cancer vaccines harnessing surface antigens shared by tumour cells and induced pluripotent stem cells.
Nat Biomed Eng
December 2024
CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, P. R. China.
The development of prophylactic cancer vaccines typically involves the selection of combinations of tumour-associated antigens, tumour-specific antigens and neoantigens. Here we show that membranes from induced pluripotent stem cells can serve as a tumour-antigen pool, and that a nanoparticle vaccine consisting of self-assembled commercial adjuvants wrapped by such membranes robustly stimulated innate immunity, evaded antigen-specific tolerance and activated B-cell and T-cell responses, which were mediated by epitopes from the abundant number of antigens shared between the membranes of tumour cells and pluripotent stem cells. In mice, the vaccine elicited systemic antitumour memory T-cell and B-cell responses as well as tumour-specific immune responses after a tumour challenge, and inhibited the progression of melanoma, colon cancer, breast cancer and post-operative lung metastases.
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