Cancers of the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract form a heterogeneous group of diseases for which treatment paradigms for localized disease continue to emerge. Recently, several phase III studies in esophagus and gastric cancer that have attempted to define new standards of care have been reported. However, controversy still persists and treatment algorithms often depend on individual preference, patient referral patterns, and treatment biases. In the current era of improving quality control and standardization of care, such variations in practice present a substantial challenge for both patients and physicians. In this article, I will highlight differences in disease biology for upper GI diseases, and in particular, gastric cancer.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.14694/EdBook_AM.2012.32.142 | DOI Listing |
Blood
January 2025
The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom.
Follicular lymphoma is the most common subtype of indolent lymphoma. Despite multiple trials over the past decade showing improved progression-free survival with new first-line therapeutic strategies -such as anti-CD20 maintenance therapy and new glycoengineered anti-CD20 antibodies- no standardized approach has been widely adopted in routine clinical practice. Several factors may explain this, including the increased incidence of infectious adverse events associated with these therapies, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the lack of overall survival benefit despite long-term follow-up.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAngew Chem Int Ed Engl
January 2025
The University of Oklahoma, Chemistry and Biochemistry, 101 Stephenson Parkway, 73019, Norman, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.
Phototherapy - which includes photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) - has evoked interest as a promising cancer treatment modality on account of its noninvasiveness, spatiotemporal precision, and minimal side effects. C. Wang et al.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChem Rev
January 2025
Center for Theoretical Interdisciplinary Sciences Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325001, P. R. China.
Nanozymes have shown significant potential in cancer catalytic therapy by strategically catalyzing tumor-associated substances and metabolites into toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) , thereby inducing oxidative stress and promoting cancer cell death. However, within the complex tumor microenvironment (TME), the rational design of nanozymes and factors like activity, reaction substrates, and the TME itself significantly influence the efficiency of ROS generation. To address these limitations, recent research has focused on exploring the factors that affect activity and developing nanozyme-based cascade catalytic systems, which can trigger two or more cascade catalytic processes within tumors, thereby producing more therapeutic substances and achieving efficient and stable cancer therapy with minimal side effects.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExpert Rev Clin Pharmacol
January 2025
Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Canada.
Introduction: Since its synthesis in 1962, ketamine has been widely used in diverse medical contexts, from anesthesia to treatment-resistant depression. However, interpretations of ketamine's subjective effects remain polarized. Biomedical frameworks typically construe the drug's experiential effects as dissociative or psychotomimetic, while psychedelic paradigms emphasize the potential therapeutic merits of these non-ordinary states.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Extracell Vesicles
January 2025
Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Microglial phagocytosis of haematomas is crucial for neural functional recovery following intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH), a process regulated by various factors from within and outside the central nervous system (CNS). Extracellular vesicles (EVs), significant mediators of intercellular communication, have been demonstrated to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis and progression of CNS diseases. However, the regulatory role of endogenous EVs on the phagocytic capacity of microglia post-ICH remains elusive.
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