Microalgae are viewed as one of the most perspective producer of lipids for biodiesel production. The review shows the results of researches of genes' expression increase actually included in fatty acids biosynthesis. The increase of effectiveness of solar energy absorption and carbon dioxide fixation influences the microalgae productivity. Blocking expression of genes that are responsible for starch synthesis, changes the balance towards the quantity growth of lipids in the cell. The change of the length in fatty acids carbon backbone chain towards its shortening is important in the technology of biodiesel production. Operating processes of lipids' catabolism is another way of increasing their quantity. And at last using the methods of transcription analysis allows us to get deeper into the process of intensive accumulation of lipids in stressful conditions for the purpose of directing these processes.
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