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Primary Roles of Branched Chain Amino Acids (BCAAs) and Their Metabolism in Physiology and Metabolic Disorders.
Molecules
December 2024
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan.
Leucine, isoleucine, and valine are collectively known as branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) and are often discussed in the same physiological and pathological situations. The two consecutive initial reactions of BCAA catabolism are catalyzed by the common enzymes referred to as branched chain aminotransferase (BCAT) and branched chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase (BCKDH). BCAT transfers the amino group of BCAAs to 2-ketoglutarate, which results in corresponding branched chain 2-keto acids (BCKAs) and glutamate.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInsights and progress on the biosynthesis, metabolism, and physiological functions of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA): a review.
PeerJ
December 2024
Department of Medicine, Qingdao Binhai University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) is a non-protein amino acid that occurs naturally in the human brain, animals, plants and microorganisms. It is primarily produced by the irreversible action of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) on the α-decarboxylation of L-glutamic acid. As a major neurotransmitter in the brain, GABA plays a crucial role in behavior, cognition, and the body's stress response.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPseudomonas fragi and Pseudomonas lundensis drove the co-spoilage in chilled pork: Insights from the metabolome.
Food Chem
February 2025
State Key Laboratory of Meat Quality Control and Cultured Meat Development, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China. Electronic address:
Pseudomonas fragi and Pseudomonas lundensis are key spoilage microorganisms in aerobically stored chilled meat, which had co-spoilage effect on chilled pork. However, the mechanism of co-spoilage interaction of P. fragi and P.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFZearalenone degradation by peptide-based enzyme mimics attached membrane reactor: Performance and mechanism.
Food Chem
January 2025
State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Healthy of Tianjin, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China. Electronic address:
Zearalenone (ZEN) is a nonsteroidal estrogenic mycotoxin with widespread contamination. Inspired by lactone hydrolases, a peptide-based enzyme mimetic material for degrading ZEN was developed by combining serine, histidine and glutamate (S/H/E) catalytic triad with pro-hydrophobic self-assembling sequences and oxyanion hole site. Chitosan hybrid membranes were prepared, followed by immobilizing enzyme mimic on the membrane surface to fabricate biocatalytic membrane reactor.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntegrated multi-omics unveil the impact of H-phosphinic analogs of glutamate and α-ketoglutarate on Escherichia coli metabolism.
J Biol Chem
October 2024
Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy. Electronic address:
Desmethylphosphinothricin (L-Glu-γ-P) is the H-phosphinic analog of glutamate with carbon-phosphorus-hydrogen (C-P-H) bonds. In L-Glu-γ-P the phosphinic group acts as a bioisostere of the glutamate γ-carboxyl group allowing the molecule to be a substrate of Escherichia coli glutamate decarboxylase, a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent α-decarboxylase. In addition, the L-Glu-γ-P decarboxylation product, GABA-P, is further metabolized by bacterial GABA-transaminase, another pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent enzyme, and succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase, a NADP-dependent enzyme.
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