The problem of growing resistance of microorganisms to antibiotic therapy acquires increasingly greater significance as threatening the loss of endosymbiotic bacteria. The causes, mechanisms, and consequences of this phenomenon are considered. Several groups of modern antibiotic drugs are characterized along with the methods for improving their efficacy and preventing side effects. The schemes for Helicobacter pylori eradication as recommended by the Maastricht consensus are discussed in conjunction with major mistakes accounting for marked reduction of their effectiveness. Terminological issues are briefly considered.
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