AI Article Synopsis
- Kidney transplants from living donors are a great option for end-stage renal disease patients, but about 10-20% face compatibility issues with their intended donors due to blood type or antibodies.
- To address these challenges, strategies like desensitization and kidney exchange programs are utilized, including two-way exchanges and more complex chains of donations involving altruistic donors.
- The discussion also covers ethical concerns and cultural debates surrounding kidney exchange programs in Italy, highlighting differing opinions on their implementation.
Article Abstract
Kidney transplant from living donors is an excellent option for patients with end- stage renal disease: around the world approximately 10-20% of patients on waiting lists have intended living donors incompatible by blood type or for the presence of donor-specific antibodies. Current strategies to overcome these barriers are desensitization protocols and the recent option of the kidney exchange programs. In this work we describe the types of donor exchange programs, from the two-way Kidney Paired Donation, where two incompatible donor-recipient couples exchange donors, to complex chains of transplants where the altruistic donation of a kidney (Living Non-direct Donor, or non-specific donation) is associated to a Kidney Paired Exchange Program (Domino Kidney Paired Donation, NEAD chains). The thesis also discusses some related ethical topics that have become international matters of debate, as well as some important cultural and social arguments for and against the application of kidney exchanges in Italy.
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