Malnutrition is the primary cause of immunodeficiency worldwide and profoundly affects immune responses. Malnutrition diminishes immune function and therefore prevents the host from mounting an adequate protective response to infectious agents. In turn, infections alter nutrient status and can create a deficiency state. Thus, malnutrition and infection often act synergistically to increase morbidity and mortality. Almost all forms of immunity may be affected by PEM, but non-specific immune responses and cell-mediated immunity are more severely affected than humoral (antibody) responses. Altered immune functions due to the aging process mainly concern T-cell-mediated immune functions, such as diminished T-cell proliferation, antibody response after immunization with T-cell-dependent antigens, impaired delayed-type hypersensitivity response and IL-2 production, whereas anti-inflammatory cytokines are elevated. These findings indicate a yet unexplained shift from pro-inflammatory Th1 cell response to an anti-inflammatory Th2 response with aging. Aging and simultaneous nutritional deficiency exert a cumulative influence on the immune response. Maintaining optimal nutritional status is therefore crucial for aging in good health.
Aim: Patients with gastric malignant tumors usually undergo surgical treatment when indicated. Surgical intervention causes significant trauma and can lead to considerable stress responses in patients. These patients experience increased malnutrition along with reduced immune function, which ultimately leads to the occurrence of postoperative complications.
Environmental exposures, including air pollutants and lack of natural spaces, are associated with suboptimal health outcomes in children. We aimed to study the associations between environmental exposures and gene expression in children. Associations of exposure to particulate matter (PM) with diameter <2.
Irrespective of the underlying disease, patients treated with cluster of differentiation 20 (CD20) antibodies have a higher risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) long or severe infection, and there are pitfalls in this diagnosis. We herein report two patients with COVID-19 pneumonia diagnosed by bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) during lymphoma remission. Nasopharyngeal swabs (NSs) were polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-negative for SARS-CoV-2, and the virus was only detectable in the lungs.
Background And Objective: Dental implant therapy faces challenges in patients with Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM and T2DM) due to adverse effects on bone metabolism and immune response. Despite advancements, diabetic patients face higher risks of peri-implantitis and compromised osseointegration. This review assesses the impact of anti-diabetic medications on implant outcomes, offering insights to bridge the gap between animal studies and clinical practice.
Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute, Jinan, China.
Background: Patients receiving chest radiation therapy, or exposed to high radiation levels due to accidental nuclear leakage are at risk of radiation-induced lung injury (RILI). In innate immunity, macrophages not only exhibit certain radiation tolerance but also play an important regulatory role in the whole pathological process. Nervonic acid (NA), a long-chain unsaturated fatty acid found in nerve tissue, plays a pivotal role in maintaining normal tissue growth and repair.
