AI Article Synopsis
- Infants born to HIV-1 infected mothers may have a higher risk of tuberculosis (TB), but the actual prevalence of TB among these infants is not well-known.
- A study tested 182 infants using T-SPOT.TB assays, revealing a 10.9% prevalence of positive TB results, with links to maternal active TB and prolonged infant fever.
- The findings suggest a significant prevalence of TB infection in young infants exposed to HIV-1, highlighting the need for better detection and prevention strategies.
Article Abstract
Background: Infants born to HIV-1 infected mothers may have increased risk for tuberculosis (TB), but the prevalence of TB infection in this population is undefined. In contrast to tuberculin skin tests that are confounded by recent bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination, TB interferon gamma release assays (IGRAs) do not cross-react with BCG and enable detection of TB infection in infancy.
Methods: In a nested observational cohort of HIV-1 infected Kenyan mothers and their infants, we conducted T-SPOT.TB assays on cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 6-month-old infants without prior active TB. Maternal and infant correlates of infant TB infection were assessed.
Results: One hundred and eight-two infants were tested with T-SPOT.TB. Of 128 infants with determinate T-SPOT.TB results, the prevalence of a positive T-SPOT.TB was 10.9% [95% confidence interval (CI): 6.1-17.7%]. All infants were BCG-vaccinated and 7.0% were HIV-1 infected. Positive infant T-SPOT.TB was associated with maternal active TB (odds ratio: 15.5, 95% CI: 1.3-184; P = 0.04) and prolonged infant fever (>1 month) (odds ratio: 18.8, 95% CI: 1.6-223; P = 0.03).
Conclusions: We observed a high prevalence of TB infection in 6-month-old HIV-1 exposed infants. Improved TB detection and prevention are warranted in HIV-1 exposed infants at high risk for active TB disease.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3959593 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000000124 | DOI Listing |
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