The article aims to illuminate the recent debate in Germany about the legitimacy of circumcision for religious reasons. The aim is both to evaluate the new German law allowing religious circumcision, and to outline the resulting conflict between the surrounding ethical and legal issues. We first elucidate the diversity of legal and medical views on religious circumcision in Germany. Next we examine to what extent invasive and irreversible physical interventions on infant boys unable to given their consent should be carried out for non-medical reasons. To this end, the potential benefits and harms of circumcision for non-medical reasons are compared. We argue that circumcision does not provide any benefits for the 'child as a child' and poses only risks to boys. We then set out to clarify and analyse political (rather than ethical) justifications of the new circumcision law. We demonstrate through this analysis how the circumcision debate in Germany has been transformed from a legal and ethical problem into a political issue, due at least in part to Germany's unique historical context. Although such a particular political sensibility is entirely comprehensible, it raises particular problems when it comes to framing and responding to medical ethical issues - as in the case of religious circumcision.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bioe.12077 | DOI Listing |
PLoS One
January 2025
School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America.
Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) has become a global health concern. It is a deeply entrenched harmful practice involving partial or total removal of the external female genitalia for non-medical reasons. To inform effective policymaking and raise awareness about FGM's health risks, understanding socioeconomic and demographic factors influencing the timing of girls' circumcision is crucial.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
January 2025
Department of Clinical Nursing, School of Nursing and Public Health, The University of Dodoma, Dodoma, Tanzania.
Background: Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C) poses a significant public health challenge in developing countries, leading to increased risks of adverse obstetric outcomes such as caesarean section, postpartum hemorrhage, episiotomy, difficult labor, obstetric tears/lacerations, instrumental delivery, prolonged labor, and extended maternal hospital stays. The study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with FGM/C among Tanzanian women who had given birth within five years preceding the Survey.
Method: This study utilized an analytical cross-sectional design based on data from the 2015-2016 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey and Malaria Indicators Survey (TDHS-MIS).
Kennedy Inst Ethics J
November 2024
This essay applies an ethical analysis of the Jewish religious rite of hatafat dam brit to the ongoing debate on child genital cutting. Recent scholarship on the ethical and legal status of "de minimis" or "symbolic" involuntary genital cutting practices features disagreement over what, if anything, grounds their wrongfulness given that they are (relatively) physically superficial. Hatafat dam brit ("the drawing of covenantal blood") is even less physically intrusive than the most minor of the other practices commonly debated (e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Relig Health
November 2024
Department of Public Health, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaras, Turkey.
This study was aimed at evaluating the knowledge and attitudes of religious officials in Turkey about circumcision. Among the Imams, 96.7% (n = 234) were married, and 91.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Pediatr Urol
October 2024
Department of Pediatric Urology, Dana-Dwek Children's Hospital, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel; School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel. Electronic address:
Introduction: The reasons for performing a circumcision among males after the neonatal period are usually cultural or medical. We aimed to evaluate parental regret for providing consent and to identify factors associated with such regret.
Methods: Included were the parents of males aged 6 months to 18 years who underwent circumcision under general anesthesia at a single center between 2/2017 and 01/2023.
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