The design and synthesis of a series of substituted heteroaromatic α4β2α5 positive allosteric modulators is reported. The optimization and development of the heteroaromatic series was carried out from NS9283, and several potent analogues, such as 3-(5-(pyridin-3-yl)-2H-tetrazol-2-yl)benzonitrile (5k) and 3,3'-(2H-tetrazole-2,5-diyl)dipyridine (12 h) with good in vitro efficacy were discovered.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.11.049 | DOI Listing |
PLoS Comput Biol
December 2024
Krembil Centre for Neuroinformatics, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada.
Treatment for major depressive disorder (depression) often has partial efficacy and a large portion of patients are treatment resistant. Recent studies implicate reduced somatostatin (SST) interneuron inhibition in depression, and new pharmacology boosting this inhibition via positive allosteric modulators of α5-GABAA receptors (α5-PAM) offers a promising effective treatment. However, testing the effect of α5-PAM on human brain activity is limited, meriting the use of detailed simulations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Chem Neurosci
December 2024
Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States.
Co-use of xylazine with opioids is a major health threat in the United States. However, a critical knowledge gap exists in the understanding of xylazine-induced pharmacological and pathological impact. Xylazine is mostly known as an agonist of α2-adrenergic receptors (α2-ARs), but its deleterious effects on humans cannot be fully reversed by the α2-AR antagonists, suggesting the possibility that xylazine targets receptors other than α2-ARs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBrain
December 2024
Neuroimmunology Program, Fundació Clínic per la Recerca Biomèdica - Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (FCRB-IDIBAPS), Barcelona 08036, Spain.
Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is a disorder mediated by autoantibodies against the GluN1 subunit of NMDAR. It occurs with severe neuropsychiatric symptoms that often improve with immunotherapy. Clinical studies and animal models based on patients' antibody transfer or NMDAR immunization suggest that the autoantibodies play a major pathogenic role.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurobiol Aging
December 2024
Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of CAMH, 250 college street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 college street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Cir Room 4207, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada. Electronic address:
Reduced somatostatin (SST) and SST-expressing GABAergic neurons are well-replicated findings in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and are associated with cognitive deficits. SST cells inhibit pyramidal cell dendrites through α5-GABA-A receptors (α5-GABAA-R). α5-GABAAR positive allosteric modulation (α5-PAM) has procognitive and neurotrophic effects in stress and aging models.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFbioRxiv
December 2024
Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
Allosteric regulation allows proteins to dynamically respond to environmental cues by modulating activity at sites away from the catalytic center. Despite its importance, the SET-domain protein lysine methyltransferase superfamily has been understudied. Here, we present four crystal structures of SMYD2, a unique family member with a MYND domain.
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