[Neonatal surgical antibioprophylaxis: which target? which propositions?].

Neonatal surgical antibioprophylaxis must take into account the specificities of this life period, as immunological immaturity, microbiotal implantation and antibiotic treatment pharmacokinetics properties. Very few data are available, but it seems that coagulase negative Staphylococcus (CNS) is the most reported bacteria, in intestinal tract at the time of surgery as well as in surgical site infections. Usual vertical transmission bacteria as S. agalactiae or E. coli K1 are rarely documented. The antibioprophylaxis treatment must consider the age and the environmental context of the newborn; first or second generation cephalosporins sometimes in association with vancomycin seem appropriate in this context. It is now urgent to conduct clinical trials in order to validate theses propositions.