Cryptococcal immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (C-IRIS) in HIV-infected patients presents as a clinical worsening or new presentation of cryptococcal disease as a result of anti-retroviral therapy mediated immune restoration. Recurrent C-IRIS is a rare condition. Recently, recurrent C-IRIS involving the central nervous system, which is thought to require prolonged or alternative immunosuppressive therapy, has been described. Here, we present an unusual case of recurrent C-IRIS, sequentially involving the central nervous system and lymph nodes, in an HIV-infected patient after anti-retroviral therapy. While corticosteroids were used to control the inflammatory cerebral cryptococcomas, lymphadenitis that developed after cessation of corticosteroids resolved without additional immunosuppressive or anti-inflammatory drugs. This case suggests the possibility of site-specific recovery of pathogen-specific immune response after anti-retroviral therapy. In this condition, each episode of C-IRIS may be treated independently, and extended corticosteroids may not always be needed.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3909341 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1476-0711-12-40 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
The Linda Kizazi study: a comparison of morbidity and mortality from birth to 2 years between children who are HIV-unexposed and HIV-exposed, uninfected in the era of universal antiretroviral therapy.
BMJ Glob Health
January 2025
Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.
Background: Historically, children who are HIV-exposed, uninfected (CHEU) have been found to have greater morbidity and mortality than children who are HIV-unexposed, uninfected (CHUU). To assess whether this difference persists in the era of universal antiretroviral therapy (ART), we conducted a cohort study to compare the risk of acute diarrhoea, respiratory tract infections (RTI), malaria, hospitalisation, and all-cause mortality between Kenyan CHEU and CHUU from birth to 2 years.
Methods: From December 2018 to March 2020 at Mathare North Health Centre in Nairobi, we recruited pregnant women living with HIV on ART for ≥6 months and pregnant women without HIV from the same community.
Evaluation of preventive medicine amongst people living with human immunodeficiency virus attending a hospital-based care setting.
Intern Med J
January 2025
Department of Infectious Diseases, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Background: With improved outcomes in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) due to the use of anti-retroviral therapy, ensuring adequate preventative healthcare and management of HIV-related comorbidities is essential.
Aims: To evaluate adherence with recommended guidelines for comorbidity and immunisation status screening amongst people living with HIV within a hospital-based setting across two timepoints.
Methods: A single-centre retrospective case series was conducted at a hospital between 2011 and 2021.
Effect of antiretroviral therapy on the mortality of HIV-1 infection long-term non-progressors: a cohort study.
BMC Infect Dis
January 2025
Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.
Background: The study aims to investigate the demographic characteristics, the variations in their immune status, and mortality risk among HIV-1 infection long-term non-progressors (LTNP).
Methods: Eligible LTNP and typical progressors (TP) were recruited in Guangxi by December 2018. Participants were followed up until December 2022, monitoring ART status, CD4 T cell counts, and survival/death outcomes.
Cohort profile: the potentially preventable burden of community-acquired pneumonia in South African adults in the era of widespread PCV13 immunisation and antiretroviral therapy roll-out, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic - the multicentre, multimethod PotPrev Study.
BMJ Open
December 2024
Perinatal HIV Research Unit (PHRU), University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa.
Purpose: In the setting of an established childhood pneumococcal vaccination programme with immediate initiation and treatment of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for people living with HIV (PLWH), the risk of adult pneumococcal community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is not recently described. We aimed to investigate CAP incidence, recurrence, mortality, risk factors and microbiology before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Participants: Adults aged ≥18 years were enrolled in three South African provinces from March 2019 to October 2021, with a brief halt during the initial COVID-19 lockdown.
Comparing acute versus AIDS ART initiation on HIV-1 integration sites and clonal expansion.
Signal Transduct Target Ther
January 2025
National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518112, Guangdong Province, China.
Early antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation is known to limit the establishment of the HIV reservoir, with studies suggesting benefits such as a reduced number of infected cells and a smaller latent reservoir. However, the long-term impact of early ART initiation on the dynamics of the infected cell pool remains unclear, and clinical evidence directly comparing proviral integration site counts between early and late ART initiation is limited. In this study, we used Linear Target Amplification-PCR (LTA-PCR) and Next Generation Sequencing to compare unique integration site (UIS) clonal counts between individuals who initiated ART during acute HIV infection stage (Acute-ART group) and those in the AIDS stage (AIDS-ART group).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!