Priapism is defined as abnormal persisting penile erection beyond or unrelated to sexual stimulation. It is rare in children and the appropriate management consensus is lacking. We have reviewed the literature on the treatment and prevention of priapism in children in the last 5 years. The following advances were reported: (1) compression or thrombin injection guided by ultrasound in nonischemic priapism prior to selective angioembolization; (2) anti-androgen therapy is the key for the prevention of nonischemic priapism occurring and reoccurring after angioembolization; (3) etiological interventions are enough to resolve some priapism in children; (4) T tunnel may be applied to the distal shunt failed cases in children. Combined with the new progress in treatment of priapism in children, we have designed the algorithm of priapism management and the algorithm of stuttering priapism prevention. The two algorithms will be helpful for clinicians dealing with the clinical challenges in children's priapism management.
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