Objective: To validate the menstrual pictogram (superabsorbent polymer-c version) for Always Ultra-slim feminine towels containing superabsorbent polymers.
Design: Prospective, multicenter, evaluator-blinded study.
Setting: Three gynecology research clinics in the United Kingdom.
Patient(s): Women with self-perceived light, normal, or heavy menstrual periods who had not previously used a graphical method to assess their menstrual loss.
Intervention(s): One hundred twenty-two women were asked to complete the menstrual pictogram throughout two menstrual periods and collect their feminine towels for measurements of menstrual blood loss (MBL) by the alkaline hematin method and total menstrual fluid loss (MFL) by fluid weight.
Main Outcome Measure(s): Agreement of menstrual pictogram MBL and MFL scores with alkaline hematin and towel weight, respectively. The percentage blood fraction was determined at various volumes of menstrual discharge.
Result(s): Alkaline hematin and fluid weight were highly correlated (r = .97). However, the percentage blood fraction progressively increased with total MFL and MBL score. After correction for this incremental rise in blood fraction, the menstrual pictogram gave a sensitivity of 82% and a specificity of 92% for a diagnosis of heavy menstrual bleeding.
Conclusion(s): The menstrual pictogram (superabsorbent polymer-c version) provides a simple means of measuring MBL in the clinical setting.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.10.051 | DOI Listing |
Arch Gynecol Obstet
December 2024
Department of Surgical Sciences, Gynecological Unit, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Viale Oxford, 81, 00133, Rome, Italy.
Purpose: Evaluating menstrual blood loss (MBL) in primary healthcare is challenging. Our study aimed to assess MBL using two methods: self-perception and pictograms (Pictorial Blood Assessment Chart-PBAC and Menstrual Pictogram superabsorbent polymer-c version-MP) in women undergoing transvaginal ultrasound (TVS).
Methods: We enrolled 221 premenopausal women with spontaneous menstruation, no hormonal therapy, and no ongoing pregnancy.
J Family Med Prim Care
September 2023
Department of Dravyaguna (Ayurveda Pharmacology), All India Institute of Ayurveda, Gautampuri, New Delhi, India.
Unlabelled: Immunological dysregulation and inflammation may play a role in the nature of menstruation. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can produce a systemic inflammatory reaction that involves extrapulmonary organs and can also affect the immune system. This study aimed to analyze changes in the menstrual cycle in coronavirus (COVID)-positive women of reproductive age.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMedicina (Kaunas)
May 2023
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea.
: Menorrhagia is defined as a blood loss of more than 80 mL, which is significant enough to cause anemia. Previously known methods for evaluating menorrhagia, such as the alkalin-hematin method, pictograms, and measuring the weight of sanitary products, were all impractical, complex, and time-consuming. Therefore, this study aimed to determine which item among menstrual history taking was most associated with menorrhagia and devised a simple evaluating method for menorrhagia through history taking that can be applied clinically.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHeavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) has an estimated prevalence of 18-32% but is known to be under-reported due to poor recognition and estimation of menstrual blood loss (MBL). HMB can negatively impact quality of life, affecting social interactions, work productivity and sexual life. Abnormal menstrual bleeding may have an underlying structural or systemic cause, such as endometrial and myometrial disorders; however, for some, there is no identified pathological cause.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHaemophilia
September 2021
Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
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