Spice is a smoking mixture containing synthetic cannabinoids with psychoactive effects similar to herbal cannabis. It is sold on the Internet and has become popular among young people. The purpose of the present study was to investigate experiences of intoxication induced by Spice, as described on a Swedish internet-based discussion forum. A systematic search yielded 40 reports, which were analyzed using phenomenological method. A total of 7 themes (composed of 27 categories) emerged from the analysis: 1. Spice use as social ritual; 2. Social secretiveness; 3. Intoxication remarks; 4. Well-being and elation; 5. Altered perception of reality; 6. Fears and coping; 7. Unpleasant physical effects. The results show that smoking was a social activity mostly carried out in small peer-groups, and that the substances induced strong intoxication with both positive and negative effects. Despite fears and unpleasant effects, the intoxication was often considered fascinating and rewarding.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/SART.S13323 | DOI Listing |
Foods
December 2024
Departamento Ingeniería y Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de León, Avenida de Astorga s/n, 24401 Ponferrada, Spain.
The content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in a traditional Spanish smoked sausage known as 'Botillo del Bierzo' was analysed. The determination and quantification of PAH4 (the sum of benzo[a]pyrene, benz[a]anthracene, benzo[b]-fluoranthene and chrysene) in the smoked sausage were performed using GC-MS. The results showed that smoking 'Botillo del Bierzo' for 24 h contributes very little to the increase in PAH levels in the product, with no significant differences ( < 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
December 2024
Department of General Practice, University of Western Brittany, Brest, France.
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) caused 17.9 million deaths worldwide in 2019. General CVD prevention should be developed whilst controlling health expenditure.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNutrients
October 2024
Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland.
Background: Liver diseases are among the most commonly diagnosed conditions, with the main risk factors being inappropriate lifestyles, including poor diet, excessive alcohol consumption, low physical activity and smoking, including electronic cigarettes. Non-communicable chronic liver diseases also often develop as a result of accompanying overweight and obesity, as well as type 2 diabetes.
Methods: The literature on risk factors for non-communicable chronic liver diseases, which show a high strong influence on their occurrence, was analysed.
Food Chem Toxicol
November 2024
Department of Neurochemistry, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 9 Leontovicha str, Kyiv, 01054, Ukraine; Optical Spectroscopy Division, Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research Polish Academy of Sciences, Okólna 2, Wrocław, 50-422, Poland. Electronic address:
Trace metal Cu and carbonaceous airborn particulate matter (PM) are dangerous neuropollutants. Here, the ability of Cu to modulate the neurotoxicity caused by water-suspended wood smoke PM preparations (SPs) and vice versa was examined using presynaptic rat cortex nerve terminals. Interaction of Cu and SPs, changes of particle size and surface properties were shown in the presence of Cu using microscopy, DLS, and IR spectroscopy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnal Chem
August 2024
School of Applied Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, East Sussex BN2 4GJ, U.K.
Microelectrodes are useful electrochemical sensors that can provide spatial biological monitoring. Carbon fiber has been by far the most widely used microelectrode; however, a vast number of different materials and modification strategies have been developed to broaden the scope of microelectrodes. Carbon composite electrodes provide a simple approach to making microelectrodes with a wide range of materials, but manufacturing strategies are complex.
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