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Metabolomic analysis reveals an important role of sphingosine 1-phosphate in the development of HFMD due to EV-A71 infection.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother
December 2024
Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a serious pediatric infectious disease that causes immeasurable physical and mental health burdens. Currently, there is a lack of information on the mechanisms of HFMD severity and early diagnosis. We performed metabolomic profiling of sera from 84 Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) infections and 45 control individuals.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInfluence of the Enterovirus 71 Vaccine and the COVID-19 Pandemic on Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease in China Based on Counterfactual Models: Observational Study.
JMIR Public Health Surveill
December 2024
School of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, No. 92, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, China, 86 02287370177307.
Background: Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a highly contagious viral illness. Understanding the long-term trends of HFMD incidence and its epidemic characteristics under the circumstances of the enterovirus 71 (EV71) vaccination program and the outbreak of COVID-19 is crucial for effective disease surveillance and control.
Objective: We aim to give an overview of the trends of HFMD over the past decades and evaluate the impact of the EV71 vaccination program and the COVID-19 pandemic on the epidemic trends of HFMD.
The activation of complement C5a-C5aR1 axis in astrocytes facilitates the neuropathogenesis due to EV-A71 infection by upregulating CXCL1.
J Virol
December 2024
Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
Unlabelled: Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) is a common small RNA virus that is highly neuroinvasive. Emerging evidence indicates that the complement fragment C5a and its receptor C5aR1 are important drivers of neuroinflammation. However, the potential role of the C5a-C5aR1 axis in EV-A71 encephalitis remains largely elusive.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTranscriptomic analysis of coxsackievirus B3 infection in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived brain-like endothelial cells.
J Virol
December 2024
Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA.
Unlabelled: Viral aseptic meningitis is a neuroinflammatory condition that occurs when viruses gain access to the central nervous system (CNS) and induce inflammation. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is comprised of brain endothelial cells (BECs) that stringently regulate the passage of molecules, toxins, and pathogens from the circulation into the CNS. Through their unique properties, such as complex tight junctions, reduced rates of endocytosis, expression of efflux transporters, and restricted expression of leukocyte adhesion molecules, the BBB is often able to limit pathogen entry into the brain; however, certain neurotropic pathogens, such as coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) are able to infect the CNS.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDeep mutation, insertion and deletion scanning across the Enterovirus A proteome reveals constraints shaping viral evolution.
Nat Microbiol
November 2024
Quantitative Virology and Evolution Unit, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, NIH-NIAID Division of Intramural Research, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Article Synopsis
- Insertions and deletions (InDels) are key factors in how viruses, especially RNA viruses, evolve and develop new traits, influencing their interactions with hosts.
- This study examines the mutational tolerance of the Enterovirus A71 proteome by performing extensive tests on around 45,000 InDels, 6,000 deletions, and 41,000 amino acid substitutions.
- Findings indicate that most InDels are harmful to the virus, with only a few specific sites tolerated, which are linked to crucial functions like host recognition and immune response.
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