The lymphoid system is composed of numerous phenotypically distinct subsets of cells, each of which has a unique role in the effectiveness of an immune response. To distinguish specifically between these subsets, it is mandatory to detect simultaneously different cell surface antigens. This became feasible by the development of multicolour flow cytometric technologies. With these techniques, researchers now have the opportunity to study individual cells in far greater detail than previously possible. However, proper data analysis, interpretation and presentation of results will require a high level of understanding of the intricacies of the technology and the inherent limitations of the acquired data. The present report is intended to contribute to the better understanding of how the flow cytometer operates. This report may help new and inexperienced users to work appropriately with the flow cytometer.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/sji.12142 | DOI Listing |
Clin Exp Rheumatol
November 2024
Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Objectives: Human T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are classified into three subsets: Tfh1, Tfh2, and Tfh17 cells. Among them,Tfh2 cells are defined as CXCR3-negative and CCR6-negative, and may contain diverse cell populations. We examined whether CCR4 serves as a marker for identifying Tfh2 cells that produce interleukin (IL)-4 and its involvement in IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImmunology
February 2025
Center for Autoimmune Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Disease, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA.
Elevated levels of serum autoantibodies are a hallmark of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and are produced by plasma cells in response to a variety of antigenic triggers. In SLE, the triggers are complex and may include both T cell-dependent/-independent and TLR-dependent/-independent mechanisms of immune activation, which ultimately contributes to the significant immune dysregulation seen in patients at the level of cytokine production and cellular activation (B cells, T cells, dendritic cells, neutrophils and macrophages). Interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) has been identified as an autoimmune susceptibility gene and polymorphisms in IRF5 associate with altered expression and hyper-activation in distinct SLE immune cell subsets.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPol J Pathol
October 2024
Department of Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
The normal subpopulation of CD34+CD38 - haematopoietic stem cells does not express CLL-1; therefore, the assessment of the expression of this protein can be used for the diagnosis of minimal residual disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate, using multi-colour flow cytometry, the level of CLL-1 protein expression on CD34+CD38- myeloid niche cells in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromepatients at the time of diagnosis and during disease monitoring on the example of 3 practical cases. The following conclusion was drawn: CD34+CD38-CLL-1+ cells in AML patients may serve as a biomarker to predict disease aggressiveness.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRMD Open
October 2024
Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Objective: Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is an inflammatory arthritis associated with psoriasis. Adding to studies focused on the role of T cells and macrophages, we sought to investigate the systemic activation of leukocytes in PsA.
Methods: We assessed the activation state of leukocyte populations, including polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) and monocyte/macrophages, in blood and synovial fluid (SF) by multicolour flow cytometry.
Exp Dermatol
October 2024
Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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