Predictive value of echocardiography-derived arterial compliance for increased arterial stiffness in hypertensive patients.

Objective: Increased arterial stiffness is a predictor of cardiovascular events. The cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) is a measure of arterial stiffness. The stroke volume (SV) to pulse pressure (PP) ratio is an estimate of arterial compliance (AC). The main purpose of this study was to investigate the association between echocardiography-derived AC and arterial stiffness.

Methods: One hundred and forty asymptomatic hypertensive patients were enrolled consecutively. AC was calculated as SV/PP and adjusted to body surface area to calculate the SV/PP index (SV/PPi). Arterial stiffness was assessed by a VaSera-1000 CAVI instrument.

Results: There was statistically significant negative correlation between SV/PPi and CAVI (r=-0.402; P<0.001). Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis demonstrated SV/PPi as an independent predictor of increased CAVI (CAVI≥9) (95% confidence interval: 0.001-0.147; P<0.001). There were lower SV/PPi values in abnormal CAVI groups (CAVI≥9) than normal and borderline CAVI (CAVI<9) (0.68±0.23 vs. 0.93±0.27; P<0.001). Analysis using the receiver operating characteristic curve has demonstrated that SV/PPi of 0.61 ml/m/mmHg constitutes the cut-off value for the presence of abnormal CAVI with 89% sensitivity and 53% specificity (area under the curve: 0.771, 95% confidence interval 0.674-0.868).

Conclusion: Assessment of AC during echocardiography examination may provide predictive information of increased arterial stiffness in asymptomatic hypertensive patients.